Academic Journal
Exploring the Nonlinear Effects of Multiple Factors on Passenger Thermal Perception at Bus Stops: Evidence from Chongqing, China.
| Τίτλος: | Exploring the Nonlinear Effects of Multiple Factors on Passenger Thermal Perception at Bus Stops: Evidence from Chongqing, China. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Fan, Hanya, Jiang, Lian, Chen, Yiping, Xiong, Shijie, Liu, Chang, Liu, Yanan, Zeng, Peng |
| Πηγή: | Buildings (2075-5309); Jun2026, Vol. 16 Issue 12, p2420, 29p |
| Θεματικοί όροι: | Bus stops, Thermal comfort, Machine learning, Nonlinear systems, Urban morphology, Weather, Urban heat islands |
| Γεωγραφικοί όροι: | China, Chongqing (China) |
| Περίληψη: | With ongoing urban warming and the increasing frequency of extreme heat events, thermal comfort at highly exposed public spaces like bus stops has attracted significant attention. However, existing studies largely rely on linear assumptions and limited environmental variables, leaving the complex, multidimensional mechanisms driving thermal perception unclear. This study investigates the nonlinear impacts of microclimate, urban morphology, and station design on passengers' thermal perception during summer in Chongqing, China. Drawing on field measurements, questionnaire surveys, and spatial data, linear regression was first applied to estimate neutral temperatures and acceptable thermal ranges. Subsequently, an interpretable machine learning framework integrating XGBoost and SHAP analysis was developed to explore the nonlinear effects and interactions mechanisms among these variables. The results reveal a dual regulatory pattern. Mechanism variables exhibit distinct nonlinear thresholds, with wind speeds above 0.98 m/s showing cooling associations and PET values exceeding 34.70 °C corresponding to more rapid increases in thermal discomfort. Concurrently, urban morphology and station design factors contextually modify these direct effects by altering their magnitude and direction. Furthermore, significant spatial heterogeneity in thermal adaptation was observed, with neutral temperatures ranging from 23.19 to 31.01 °C. These findings provide a basis for developing adaptive and context-specific thermal environment management strategies for urban bus stops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Βάση Δεδομένων: | Complementary Index |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Exploring the Nonlinear Effects of Multiple Factors on Passenger Thermal Perception at Bus Stops: Evidence from Chongqing, China. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fan%2C+Hanya%22">Fan, Hanya</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jiang%2C+Lian%22">Jiang, Lian</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chen%2C+Yiping%22">Chen, Yiping</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xiong%2C+Shijie%22">Xiong, Shijie</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Chang%22">Liu, Chang</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Yanan%22">Liu, Yanan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zeng%2C+Peng%22">Zeng, Peng</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: Buildings (2075-5309); Jun2026, Vol. 16 Issue 12, p2420, 29p – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bus+stops%22">Bus stops</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermal+comfort%22">Thermal comfort</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Machine+learning%22">Machine learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nonlinear+systems%22">Nonlinear systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Urban+morphology%22">Urban morphology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Weather%22">Weather</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Urban+heat+islands%22">Urban heat islands</searchLink> – Name: SubjectGeographic Label: Geographic Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22China%22">China</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chongqing+%28China%29%22">Chongqing (China)</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: With ongoing urban warming and the increasing frequency of extreme heat events, thermal comfort at highly exposed public spaces like bus stops has attracted significant attention. However, existing studies largely rely on linear assumptions and limited environmental variables, leaving the complex, multidimensional mechanisms driving thermal perception unclear. This study investigates the nonlinear impacts of microclimate, urban morphology, and station design on passengers' thermal perception during summer in Chongqing, China. Drawing on field measurements, questionnaire surveys, and spatial data, linear regression was first applied to estimate neutral temperatures and acceptable thermal ranges. Subsequently, an interpretable machine learning framework integrating XGBoost and SHAP analysis was developed to explore the nonlinear effects and interactions mechanisms among these variables. The results reveal a dual regulatory pattern. Mechanism variables exhibit distinct nonlinear thresholds, with wind speeds above 0.98 m/s showing cooling associations and PET values exceeding 34.70 °C corresponding to more rapid increases in thermal discomfort. Concurrently, urban morphology and station design factors contextually modify these direct effects by altering their magnitude and direction. Furthermore, significant spatial heterogeneity in thermal adaptation was observed, with neutral temperatures ranging from 23.19 to 31.01 °C. These findings provide a basis for developing adaptive and context-specific thermal environment management strategies for urban bus stops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: Abstract Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Buildings (2075-5309) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/buildings16122420 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 29 StartPage: 2420 Subjects: – SubjectFull: China Type: general – SubjectFull: Chongqing (China) Type: general – SubjectFull: Bus stops Type: general – SubjectFull: Thermal comfort Type: general – SubjectFull: Machine learning Type: general – SubjectFull: Nonlinear systems Type: general – SubjectFull: Urban morphology Type: general – SubjectFull: Weather Type: general – SubjectFull: Urban heat islands Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Exploring the Nonlinear Effects of Multiple Factors on Passenger Thermal Perception at Bus Stops: Evidence from Chongqing, China. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Fan, Hanya – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Jiang, Lian – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Chen, Yiping – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Xiong, Shijie – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Liu, Chang – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Liu, Yanan – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zeng, Peng IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 15 M: 06 Text: Jun2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 20755309 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 16 – Type: issue Value: 12 Titles: – TitleFull: Buildings (2075-5309) Type: main |
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