Academic Journal
Numerical optimization of planar nozzle shapes for fused deposition modeling.
| Title: | Numerical optimization of planar nozzle shapes for fused deposition modeling. |
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| Authors: | Tillmann, Steffen, González, Felipe A., Elgeti, Stefanie |
| Source: | International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow; 2026, Vol. 36 Issue 7, p2827-2848, 22p |
| Subject Terms: | Pressure drop (Fluid dynamics), Mathematical optimization, Viscoelasticity, Fused deposition modeling, Multidisciplinary design optimization, Fluid flow, Spline theory |
| Abstract: | Purpose: In fused deposition modeling (FDM), the nozzle plays a critical role in enabling high printing speeds while maintaining precision. Despite its importance, most applications still rely on standard nozzle designs. This paper aims to investigate the influence of nozzle geometry on pressure loss inside the nozzle, a key factor in high-speed printing performance. Design/methodology/approach: The authors focus on optimizing the nozzle shape to minimize the pressure loss and establish a framework that allows both simple angle-based optimization and more advanced spline-based parametrization. To model the polymer melt flow, the authors use a Giesekus model to account for viscoelastic effects. Findings: For angle-based optimization, the pressure-loss objective exhibits two local minima: one associated with smooth flow and another with pronounced recirculation regions inside the nozzle. While the latter yields a lower pressure drop, such flow patterns are generally undesirable due to increased residence times and the associated risk of material degradation and nozzle clogging. The spline-based parametrization results in only marginal additional reductions in pressure loss compared to angle optimization, while decreasing the manufacturability of the nozzle considerably. Originality/value: This paper presents a comparative study of FDM nozzle shape optimization using a Giesekus model. The authors introduce a flexible optimization framework that accommodates both simple and advanced geometric parametrizations. The main contribution is the systematic comparison between angle- and spline-based parametrizations across materials and extrusion velocities, showing that most of the achievable pressure-loss reduction is already captured by the simpler and more manufacture-ready angle optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Complementary Index |
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| Header | DbId: edb DbLabel: Complementary Index An: 194733971 RelevancyScore: 1082 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 1082.42175292969 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Numerical optimization of planar nozzle shapes for fused deposition modeling. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tillmann%2C+Steffen%22">Tillmann, Steffen</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22González%2C+Felipe+A%2E%22">González, Felipe A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Elgeti%2C+Stefanie%22">Elgeti, Stefanie</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow; 2026, Vol. 36 Issue 7, p2827-2848, 22p – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pressure+drop+%28Fluid+dynamics%29%22">Pressure drop (Fluid dynamics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+optimization%22">Mathematical optimization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Viscoelasticity%22">Viscoelasticity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fused+deposition+modeling%22">Fused deposition modeling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multidisciplinary+design+optimization%22">Multidisciplinary design optimization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fluid+flow%22">Fluid flow</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spline+theory%22">Spline theory</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Purpose: In fused deposition modeling (FDM), the nozzle plays a critical role in enabling high printing speeds while maintaining precision. Despite its importance, most applications still rely on standard nozzle designs. This paper aims to investigate the influence of nozzle geometry on pressure loss inside the nozzle, a key factor in high-speed printing performance. Design/methodology/approach: The authors focus on optimizing the nozzle shape to minimize the pressure loss and establish a framework that allows both simple angle-based optimization and more advanced spline-based parametrization. To model the polymer melt flow, the authors use a Giesekus model to account for viscoelastic effects. Findings: For angle-based optimization, the pressure-loss objective exhibits two local minima: one associated with smooth flow and another with pronounced recirculation regions inside the nozzle. While the latter yields a lower pressure drop, such flow patterns are generally undesirable due to increased residence times and the associated risk of material degradation and nozzle clogging. The spline-based parametrization results in only marginal additional reductions in pressure loss compared to angle optimization, while decreasing the manufacturability of the nozzle considerably. Originality/value: This paper presents a comparative study of FDM nozzle shape optimization using a Giesekus model. The authors introduce a flexible optimization framework that accommodates both simple and advanced geometric parametrizations. The main contribution is the systematic comparison between angle- and spline-based parametrizations across materials and extrusion velocities, showing that most of the achievable pressure-loss reduction is already captured by the simpler and more manufacture-ready angle optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: Abstract Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 22 StartPage: 2827 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Pressure drop (Fluid dynamics) Type: general – SubjectFull: Mathematical optimization Type: general – SubjectFull: Viscoelasticity Type: general – SubjectFull: Fused deposition modeling Type: general – SubjectFull: Multidisciplinary design optimization Type: general – SubjectFull: Fluid flow Type: general – SubjectFull: Spline theory Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Numerical optimization of planar nozzle shapes for fused deposition modeling. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Tillmann, Steffen – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: González, Felipe A. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Elgeti, Stefanie IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 07 Text: 2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 09615539 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 36 – Type: issue Value: 7 Titles: – TitleFull: International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |