Academic Journal
How APOE4 Interacts with Biological Sex and Cognitive Differences to Shape Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease.
| Title: | How APOE4 Interacts with Biological Sex and Cognitive Differences to Shape Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease. |
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| Authors: | Kucukay, Naz |
| Source: | International Journal of High School Research; May2026, Vol. 8 Issue 9, p147-153, 7p |
| Subject Terms: | Apolipoprotein E4, Gender differences (Psychology), Cognition disorders, Menopause, Estrogen, Hippocampus (Brain), Alzheimer's disease, Prefrontal cortex |
| Abstract: | Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is the cause of around 70% of cases of dementia, affecting memory, thinking, and behavior. One of the most widely recognised genetic risk factors is the presence of the Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 (APOE4) gene variant, which significantly impacts brain structure, cognitive decline, and inflammation within the brain. Growing literature proposes that sex differences - including different cognitive patterns, hormonal changes, and sex genes influence how the APOE4 gene affects the brain. This review explores how the APOE4 gene variant increases the risk of AD and how cognitive differences and biological sex influence this relationship. Previous studies have utilised functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to focus on key brain regions and explore how APOE4 affects the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, which are essential for memory and cognitive functions. Moreover, further research has considered how menopause and estrogen contribute to negative progression in women. This paper argues that sex based genetic and cognitive factors change how the APOE4 gene variant expresses itself in the brain, leading to differences in AD progression and symptoms. These findings can shape future research and guide upcoming clinical approaches and treatment strategies towards sex specific AD diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of International Journal of High School Research is the property of Terra Science & Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Complementary Index |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: edb DbLabel: Complementary Index An: 194671627 RelevancyScore: 1061 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 1060.76245117188 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: How APOE4 Interacts with Biological Sex and Cognitive Differences to Shape Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kucukay%2C+Naz%22">Kucukay, Naz</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: International Journal of High School Research; May2026, Vol. 8 Issue 9, p147-153, 7p – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Apolipoprotein+E4%22">Apolipoprotein E4</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gender+differences+%28Psychology%29%22">Gender differences (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognition+disorders%22">Cognition disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Menopause%22">Menopause</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Estrogen%22">Estrogen</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hippocampus+%28Brain%29%22">Hippocampus (Brain)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alzheimer's+disease%22">Alzheimer's disease</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Prefrontal+cortex%22">Prefrontal cortex</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is the cause of around 70% of cases of dementia, affecting memory, thinking, and behavior. One of the most widely recognised genetic risk factors is the presence of the Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 (APOE4) gene variant, which significantly impacts brain structure, cognitive decline, and inflammation within the brain. Growing literature proposes that sex differences - including different cognitive patterns, hormonal changes, and sex genes influence how the APOE4 gene affects the brain. This review explores how the APOE4 gene variant increases the risk of AD and how cognitive differences and biological sex influence this relationship. Previous studies have utilised functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to focus on key brain regions and explore how APOE4 affects the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, which are essential for memory and cognitive functions. Moreover, further research has considered how menopause and estrogen contribute to negative progression in women. This paper argues that sex based genetic and cognitive factors change how the APOE4 gene variant expresses itself in the brain, leading to differences in AD progression and symptoms. These findings can shape future research and guide upcoming clinical approaches and treatment strategies towards sex specific AD diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: Abstract Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of High School Research is the property of Terra Science & Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.36838/IJHSR89.147 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 7 StartPage: 147 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Apolipoprotein E4 Type: general – SubjectFull: Gender differences (Psychology) Type: general – SubjectFull: Cognition disorders Type: general – SubjectFull: Menopause Type: general – SubjectFull: Estrogen Type: general – SubjectFull: Hippocampus (Brain) Type: general – SubjectFull: Alzheimer's disease Type: general – SubjectFull: Prefrontal cortex Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: How APOE4 Interacts with Biological Sex and Cognitive Differences to Shape Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kucukay, Naz IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 05 Text: May2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 26421046 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 8 – Type: issue Value: 9 Titles: – TitleFull: International Journal of High School Research Type: main |
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