Academic Journal
Dry Sliding Adhesion and Wear Behavior of LPBF Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23): Influence of In-Layer Remelting on Microstructure, Surface Integrity, and Tribolayer Stability.
| Τίτλος: | Dry Sliding Adhesion and Wear Behavior of LPBF Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23): Influence of In-Layer Remelting on Microstructure, Surface Integrity, and Tribolayer Stability. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Birleanu, Corina, Cosma, Cosmin, Udroiu, Razvan, Popister, Florin, Balc, Nicolae, Goia, Horea-Ștefan, Pustan, Marius, Suciu, Ramona-Crina |
| Πηγή: | Applied Sciences (2076-3417); Apr2026, Vol. 16 Issue 7, p3406, 31p |
| Θεματικοί όροι: | Microstructure, Sliding wear, Surface texture, Dry friction, Titanium alloys, Selective laser melting, Surface interactions |
| Περίληψη: | Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) enables the fabrication of complex titanium alloy components with high geometric freedom; however, surface integrity and tribological performance remain critical limitations for sliding-contact applications in biomedical and aerospace systems. In this study, the influence of in-layer laser remelting on the microstructure, surface topography, and dry sliding tribological behavior of LPBF-fabricated Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) is systematically investigated. Disc-shaped specimens were produced using single-scan (SS) and double-scan (DS, in-layer remelting) strategies and tested in ball-on-disc configuration against AISI 52100 steel at a constant normal load of 10 N and three sliding speeds of 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 m·s−1. Microstructural and phase-related characteristics were analyzed by X-ray diffraction combined with Rietveld refinement and Warren–Averbach analysis, revealing that the DS strategy increases retained β-phase fraction (up to 5.2%) and promotes crystallite coarsening relative to the SS condition, without significantly altering bulk hardness. Surface morphology examined by SEM/EDS and AFM revealed a more homogeneous near-surface topography in the DS condition. Tribological results indicate that sliding speed governs steady-state friction and wear, with specific wear rates increasing progressively from 5.13 to 5.44 × 10−4 mm3·N−1·m−1 for SS and from 6.47 to 7.52 × 10−4 mm3·N−1·m−1 for DS across the investigated speed range. The DS specimens exhibited higher wear rates than the SS condition across all tested speeds, while steady-state COF values remained comparable between strategies, indicating that remelting-induced microstructural modifications affect material removal mechanisms without proportionally destabilizing the frictional regime. These findings suggest that in-layer laser remelting represents a process-integrated parameter with measurable consequences for surface integrity and tribological performance, though the generalizability of these results warrants validation across broader experimental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Βάση Δεδομένων: | Complementary Index |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Dry Sliding Adhesion and Wear Behavior of LPBF Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23): Influence of In-Layer Remelting on Microstructure, Surface Integrity, and Tribolayer Stability. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Birleanu%2C+Corina%22">Birleanu, Corina</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cosma%2C+Cosmin%22">Cosma, Cosmin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Udroiu%2C+Razvan%22">Udroiu, Razvan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Popister%2C+Florin%22">Popister, Florin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Balc%2C+Nicolae%22">Balc, Nicolae</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Goia%2C+Horea-Ștefan%22">Goia, Horea-Ștefan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pustan%2C+Marius%22">Pustan, Marius</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Suciu%2C+Ramona-Crina%22">Suciu, Ramona-Crina</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: Applied Sciences (2076-3417); Apr2026, Vol. 16 Issue 7, p3406, 31p – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microstructure%22">Microstructure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sliding+wear%22">Sliding wear</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+texture%22">Surface texture</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dry+friction%22">Dry friction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Titanium+alloys%22">Titanium alloys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Selective+laser+melting%22">Selective laser melting</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Surface+interactions%22">Surface interactions</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) enables the fabrication of complex titanium alloy components with high geometric freedom; however, surface integrity and tribological performance remain critical limitations for sliding-contact applications in biomedical and aerospace systems. In this study, the influence of in-layer laser remelting on the microstructure, surface topography, and dry sliding tribological behavior of LPBF-fabricated Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23) is systematically investigated. Disc-shaped specimens were produced using single-scan (SS) and double-scan (DS, in-layer remelting) strategies and tested in ball-on-disc configuration against AISI 52100 steel at a constant normal load of 10 N and three sliding speeds of 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 m·s<superscript>−1</superscript>. Microstructural and phase-related characteristics were analyzed by X-ray diffraction combined with Rietveld refinement and Warren–Averbach analysis, revealing that the DS strategy increases retained β-phase fraction (up to 5.2%) and promotes crystallite coarsening relative to the SS condition, without significantly altering bulk hardness. Surface morphology examined by SEM/EDS and AFM revealed a more homogeneous near-surface topography in the DS condition. Tribological results indicate that sliding speed governs steady-state friction and wear, with specific wear rates increasing progressively from 5.13 to 5.44 × 10<superscript>−4</superscript> mm<superscript>3</superscript>·N<superscript>−1</superscript>·m<superscript>−1</superscript> for SS and from 6.47 to 7.52 × 10<superscript>−4</superscript> mm<superscript>3</superscript>·N<superscript>−1</superscript>·m<superscript>−1</superscript> for DS across the investigated speed range. The DS specimens exhibited higher wear rates than the SS condition across all tested speeds, while steady-state COF values remained comparable between strategies, indicating that remelting-induced microstructural modifications affect material removal mechanisms without proportionally destabilizing the frictional regime. These findings suggest that in-layer laser remelting represents a process-integrated parameter with measurable consequences for surface integrity and tribological performance, though the generalizability of these results warrants validation across broader experimental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: Abstract Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Applied Sciences (2076-3417) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/app16073406 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 31 StartPage: 3406 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Microstructure Type: general – SubjectFull: Sliding wear Type: general – SubjectFull: Surface texture Type: general – SubjectFull: Dry friction Type: general – SubjectFull: Titanium alloys Type: general – SubjectFull: Selective laser melting Type: general – SubjectFull: Surface interactions Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Dry Sliding Adhesion and Wear Behavior of LPBF Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23): Influence of In-Layer Remelting on Microstructure, Surface Integrity, and Tribolayer Stability. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Birleanu, Corina – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Cosma, Cosmin – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Udroiu, Razvan – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Popister, Florin – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Balc, Nicolae – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Goia, Horea-Ștefan – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Pustan, Marius – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Suciu, Ramona-Crina IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 04 Text: Apr2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 20763417 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 16 – Type: issue Value: 7 Titles: – TitleFull: Applied Sciences (2076-3417) Type: main |
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