Academic Journal
Bridging the Semantic Gap in 5G: A Hybrid RAG Framework for Dual-Domain Understanding of O-RAN Standards and srsRAN Implementation.
| Τίτλος: | Bridging the Semantic Gap in 5G: A Hybrid RAG Framework for Dual-Domain Understanding of O-RAN Standards and srsRAN Implementation. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Nurakhov, Yedil, Kassymbek, Nurislam, Marlambekov, Duman, Mukhanbet, Aksultan, Imankulov, Timur |
| Πηγή: | Applied Sciences (2076-3417); Apr2026, Vol. 16 Issue 7, p3275, 20p |
| Θεματικοί όροι: | Radio access networks, Computer software execution, Language models, Information retrieval, 5G networks, Open source software, Telecommunication |
| Περίληψη: | The rapid evolution of the Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture and the exponential growth in specification complexity create significant barriers for researchers translating 5G standards into practical implementations. Existing evaluation frameworks for large language models, such as ORAN-Bench-13K, focus predominantly on the theoretical comprehension of regulatory documents while neglecting the critical aspect of software execution. This disparity results in a profound semantic gap, defined here as the structural and conceptual misalignment between abstract normative requirements and their concrete realization in the source code of open platforms like srsRAN. To bridge this divide and enable advanced cognitive reasoning, this paper presents a Hybrid Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) framework designed to unify two heterogeneous knowledge domains: the O-RAN/3GPP specification corpus and the srsRAN C++ codebase. The proposed architecture leverages a hierarchical Parent–Child Chunking strategy to preserve the structural integrity of complex code and normative protocols. Additionally, it introduces a probabilistic Semantic Query Routing mechanism that dynamically selects the relevant context domain based on query intent. This routing actively mitigates semantic interference—a phenomenon where merging conflicting cross-domain terminology introduces informational noise, which our baseline tests showed degrades response accuracy by 4.7%. Empirical evaluation demonstrates that the hybrid approach successfully overcomes this, achieving an overall accuracy of 76.70% and outperforming the standard RAG baseline of 72.00%. Furthermore, system performance analysis reveals that effective context filtering reduces the average response generation latency to 3.47 s, compared to 3.73 s for traditional RAG methods, rendering the framework highly suitable for real-time telecommunications engineering tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Βάση Δεδομένων: | Complementary Index |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Bridging the Semantic Gap in 5G: A Hybrid RAG Framework for Dual-Domain Understanding of O-RAN Standards and srsRAN Implementation. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nurakhov%2C+Yedil%22">Nurakhov, Yedil</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kassymbek%2C+Nurislam%22">Kassymbek, Nurislam</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marlambekov%2C+Duman%22">Marlambekov, Duman</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mukhanbet%2C+Aksultan%22">Mukhanbet, Aksultan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Imankulov%2C+Timur%22">Imankulov, Timur</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: Applied Sciences (2076-3417); Apr2026, Vol. 16 Issue 7, p3275, 20p – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radio+access+networks%22">Radio access networks</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+software+execution%22">Computer software execution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+models%22">Language models</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Information+retrieval%22">Information retrieval</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%225G+networks%22">5G networks</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Open+source+software%22">Open source software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Telecommunication%22">Telecommunication</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: The rapid evolution of the Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture and the exponential growth in specification complexity create significant barriers for researchers translating 5G standards into practical implementations. Existing evaluation frameworks for large language models, such as ORAN-Bench-13K, focus predominantly on the theoretical comprehension of regulatory documents while neglecting the critical aspect of software execution. This disparity results in a profound semantic gap, defined here as the structural and conceptual misalignment between abstract normative requirements and their concrete realization in the source code of open platforms like srsRAN. To bridge this divide and enable advanced cognitive reasoning, this paper presents a Hybrid Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) framework designed to unify two heterogeneous knowledge domains: the O-RAN/3GPP specification corpus and the srsRAN C++ codebase. The proposed architecture leverages a hierarchical Parent–Child Chunking strategy to preserve the structural integrity of complex code and normative protocols. Additionally, it introduces a probabilistic Semantic Query Routing mechanism that dynamically selects the relevant context domain based on query intent. This routing actively mitigates semantic interference—a phenomenon where merging conflicting cross-domain terminology introduces informational noise, which our baseline tests showed degrades response accuracy by 4.7%. Empirical evaluation demonstrates that the hybrid approach successfully overcomes this, achieving an overall accuracy of 76.70% and outperforming the standard RAG baseline of 72.00%. Furthermore, system performance analysis reveals that effective context filtering reduces the average response generation latency to 3.47 s, compared to 3.73 s for traditional RAG methods, rendering the framework highly suitable for real-time telecommunications engineering tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: Abstract Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Applied Sciences (2076-3417) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/app16073275 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 20 StartPage: 3275 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Radio access networks Type: general – SubjectFull: Computer software execution Type: general – SubjectFull: Language models Type: general – SubjectFull: Information retrieval Type: general – SubjectFull: 5G networks Type: general – SubjectFull: Open source software Type: general – SubjectFull: Telecommunication Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Bridging the Semantic Gap in 5G: A Hybrid RAG Framework for Dual-Domain Understanding of O-RAN Standards and srsRAN Implementation. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Nurakhov, Yedil – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kassymbek, Nurislam – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Marlambekov, Duman – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Mukhanbet, Aksultan – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Imankulov, Timur IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 04 Text: Apr2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 20763417 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 16 – Type: issue Value: 7 Titles: – TitleFull: Applied Sciences (2076-3417) Type: main |
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