Academic Journal

Enhancing Fire Resistance: A Thermal and Structural Optimization Approach for Fire Door Frame Using Numerical Simulation.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: Enhancing Fire Resistance: A Thermal and Structural Optimization Approach for Fire Door Frame Using Numerical Simulation.
Συγγραφείς: Fernandes, Margarida, Araújo, Ana, Silva, João, Rodrigues, Nelson, Teixeira, Senhorinha, Teixeira, José Carlos
Πηγή: Fire (2571-6255); Jan2026, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p28, 14p
Θεματικοί όροι: Fire resistant materials, Structural optimization, Mechanical behavior of materials, Insulating materials, Mathematical optimization, Computer simulation, Finite element method
Περίληψη: Fire resistance is a critical aspect of passive fire protection, particularly in door systems that must maintain integrity under extreme conditions. This paper presents the thermal and structural performance of a single-leaf sandwich fire door, with the goal of improving its fire resistance through numerical optimization. An initial numerical assessment identified the door frame as the thermally weakest component, guiding the subsequent optimization process. Then, a one-way coupled transient thermal–structural Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis was performed using Ansys Mechanical to evaluate the influence of frame material, frame geometry, and insulation type and placement on the door frame assembly when exposed to fire. Results show that the frame material plays a decisive role, where aluminum alloys performed poorly, whereas wooden frames significantly reduced temperatures in both the door and frame by approximately 55% relative to the original configuration. Additional improvements were achieved by increasing frame thickness and placing rock wool within the thermal break, resulting in temperature reductions of 58.3% in the door and 57.3% in the frame. However, these thermal improvements had a limited impact on structural deformation, which remained nearly unchanged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Fire (2571-6255) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Βάση Δεδομένων: Complementary Index
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  Data: Enhancing Fire Resistance: A Thermal and Structural Optimization Approach for Fire Door Frame Using Numerical Simulation.
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  Data: Fire (2571-6255); Jan2026, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p28, 14p
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fire+resistant+materials%22">Fire resistant materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Structural+optimization%22">Structural optimization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mechanical+behavior+of+materials%22">Mechanical behavior of materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Insulating+materials%22">Insulating materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+optimization%22">Mathematical optimization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+simulation%22">Computer simulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Finite+element+method%22">Finite element method</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Fire resistance is a critical aspect of passive fire protection, particularly in door systems that must maintain integrity under extreme conditions. This paper presents the thermal and structural performance of a single-leaf sandwich fire door, with the goal of improving its fire resistance through numerical optimization. An initial numerical assessment identified the door frame as the thermally weakest component, guiding the subsequent optimization process. Then, a one-way coupled transient thermal–structural Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis was performed using Ansys Mechanical to evaluate the influence of frame material, frame geometry, and insulation type and placement on the door frame assembly when exposed to fire. Results show that the frame material plays a decisive role, where aluminum alloys performed poorly, whereas wooden frames significantly reduced temperatures in both the door and frame by approximately 55% relative to the original configuration. Additional improvements were achieved by increasing frame thickness and placing rock wool within the thermal break, resulting in temperature reductions of 58.3% in the door and 57.3% in the frame. However, these thermal improvements had a limited impact on structural deformation, which remained nearly unchanged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Fire (2571-6255) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/fire9010028
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 28
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Fire resistant materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Structural optimization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mechanical behavior of materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Insulating materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematical optimization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computer simulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Finite element method
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Enhancing Fire Resistance: A Thermal and Structural Optimization Approach for Fire Door Frame Using Numerical Simulation.
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            NameFull: Fernandes, Margarida
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            NameFull: Silva, João
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            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Text: Jan2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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