Academic Journal

Evaluating team sport performance: a review of inertial sensor technologies and their applications.

Bibliographic Details
Title: Evaluating team sport performance: a review of inertial sensor technologies and their applications.
Authors: Sang, Shouhui
Source: Sensor Review; 2026, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p259-278, 20p
Subject Terms: Team sports, Electronic data processing, Evaluation methodology, Motion detectors, Accelerometers, Standardization, Machine learning
Abstract: Purpose: This study aims to systematically review, synthesize and critically evaluate the expansive body of literature concerning the application of inertial sensor technology for performance evaluation in team sports. Also, this review aims to bridge the gap between sensor engineering, data processing methodologies and applied sports science. Design/methodology/approach: A comprehensive narrative review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted. The analysis focuses on the technological underpinnings of Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), the validation of commercial systems, the critical data processing pipeline from raw signals to actionable metrics and evidence-based applications in key team sports. This review further explores the integration of machine learning and addresses the prevailing challenges and future trajectories of the field. Findings: Inertial sensors provide high-resolution data on athlete movement, enabling the quantification of external load beyond traditional time-motion analysis. However, their efficacy is critically dependent on robust data processing, including sensor fusion algorithms to mitigate errors like drift and accurately estimate orientation. While metrics like PlayerLoad are widely adopted, their interpretation is complex and lacks intersystem standardization. Applications in soccer, basketball and rugby demonstrate the technology's utility in quantifying physical demands, analyzing technique and monitoring high-impact events. Key challenges remain in data validity, standardization and ethical data governance. Originality/value: This paper provides a consolidated, multidisciplinary overview that connects the technical specifications of IMU hardware with the complexities of data processing and the practical realities of in-field application. It offers a critical framework for practitioners to evaluate and implement these technologies and for researchers to identify key areas for future investigation, particularly in the realms of advanced analytics and methodological standardization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Sensor Review is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Evaluating team sport performance: a review of inertial sensor technologies and their applications.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sang%2C+Shouhui%22">Sang, Shouhui</searchLink>
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  Label: Source
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  Data: Sensor Review; 2026, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p259-278, 20p
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Team+sports%22">Team sports</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electronic+data+processing%22">Electronic data processing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Evaluation+methodology%22">Evaluation methodology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Motion+detectors%22">Motion detectors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Accelerometers%22">Accelerometers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Standardization%22">Standardization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Machine+learning%22">Machine learning</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: This study aims to systematically review, synthesize and critically evaluate the expansive body of literature concerning the application of inertial sensor technology for performance evaluation in team sports. Also, this review aims to bridge the gap between sensor engineering, data processing methodologies and applied sports science. Design/methodology/approach: A comprehensive narrative review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted. The analysis focuses on the technological underpinnings of Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), the validation of commercial systems, the critical data processing pipeline from raw signals to actionable metrics and evidence-based applications in key team sports. This review further explores the integration of machine learning and addresses the prevailing challenges and future trajectories of the field. Findings: Inertial sensors provide high-resolution data on athlete movement, enabling the quantification of external load beyond traditional time-motion analysis. However, their efficacy is critically dependent on robust data processing, including sensor fusion algorithms to mitigate errors like drift and accurately estimate orientation. While metrics like PlayerLoad are widely adopted, their interpretation is complex and lacks intersystem standardization. Applications in soccer, basketball and rugby demonstrate the technology's utility in quantifying physical demands, analyzing technique and monitoring high-impact events. Key challenges remain in data validity, standardization and ethical data governance. Originality/value: This paper provides a consolidated, multidisciplinary overview that connects the technical specifications of IMU hardware with the complexities of data processing and the practical realities of in-field application. It offers a critical framework for practitioners to evaluate and implement these technologies and for researchers to identify key areas for future investigation, particularly in the realms of advanced analytics and methodological standardization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Sensor Review is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 20
        StartPage: 259
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Team sports
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electronic data processing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Evaluation methodology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Motion detectors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Accelerometers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Standardization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Machine learning
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Evaluating team sport performance: a review of inertial sensor technologies and their applications.
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            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Text: 2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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