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An Analysis of Three C/C++ Cluster-Computing Libraries for Agent-Based Models.

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Title: An Analysis of Three C/C++ Cluster-Computing Libraries for Agent-Based Models.
Authors: Fukuda, Munehiro, Wang, Kevin, Panther, Sarah, Wong, Nathan, Dudder, Ian, Shao, Qingran
Source: ACM Transactions on Modeling & Computer Simulation; Oct2025, Vol. 35 Issue 4, p1-31, 31p
Subject Terms: Simulation software, Parallel programming, Multiagent systems, Computer workstation clusters, Comparative studies, Benchmark problems (Computer science), Computer software development, Software libraries (Computer programming)
Abstract: Agent-based modeling (ABM) is increasing its popularity and is applied to practical simulation where millions of agents need to interact with each other over a large-scale logical space. Cluster computing is an approach to accommodating ABM's needs of both CPU and spatial scalability. This research compares three parallel ABM libraries such as FLAME, Repast HPC, and our MASS C++ libraries, all modeling simulation programs in C/C++ and running them in parallel over a cluster system. Our comparative work selects seven benchmark programs from social, behavioral, and economic sciences, biology, and urban planning; parallelizes them with each of these three libraries; analyzes their programmability through the parallelization; and measures their parallel performance. Our results reach two findings. The programmability of each ABM library has different pros and cons in metrics such as total lines of code (LoC), boilerplate percentages, agent/space modeling and management LoC, lack of cohesion of methods (LCOM), ease of agent synchronizations, and semantically smooth coding. Therefore, there is no all-in-one ABM library for best programming any application domains. However, ABM parallel executions are heavily affected by each library's design principles. In particular, FLAME's frequent file accesses and message broadcasts as well as Repast HPC's central agent managements incur system overheads or bottlenecks. These performance drawbacks give MASS C++ an advantage in performing fastest and scaling up simulation most successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of ACM Transactions on Modeling & Computer Simulation is the property of Association for Computing Machinery and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: An Analysis of Three C/C++ Cluster-Computing Libraries for Agent-Based Models.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fukuda%2C+Munehiro%22">Fukuda, Munehiro</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Kevin%22">Wang, Kevin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Panther%2C+Sarah%22">Panther, Sarah</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wong%2C+Nathan%22">Wong, Nathan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dudder%2C+Ian%22">Dudder, Ian</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shao%2C+Qingran%22">Shao, Qingran</searchLink>
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  Data: ACM Transactions on Modeling & Computer Simulation; Oct2025, Vol. 35 Issue 4, p1-31, 31p
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Simulation+software%22">Simulation software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parallel+programming%22">Parallel programming</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multiagent+systems%22">Multiagent systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+workstation+clusters%22">Computer workstation clusters</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+studies%22">Comparative studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Benchmark+problems+%28Computer+science%29%22">Benchmark problems (Computer science)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+software+development%22">Computer software development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Software+libraries+%28Computer+programming%29%22">Software libraries (Computer programming)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Agent-based modeling (ABM) is increasing its popularity and is applied to practical simulation where millions of agents need to interact with each other over a large-scale logical space. Cluster computing is an approach to accommodating ABM's needs of both CPU and spatial scalability. This research compares three parallel ABM libraries such as FLAME, Repast HPC, and our MASS C++ libraries, all modeling simulation programs in C/C++ and running them in parallel over a cluster system. Our comparative work selects seven benchmark programs from social, behavioral, and economic sciences, biology, and urban planning; parallelizes them with each of these three libraries; analyzes their programmability through the parallelization; and measures their parallel performance. Our results reach two findings. The programmability of each ABM library has different pros and cons in metrics such as total lines of code (LoC), boilerplate percentages, agent/space modeling and management LoC, lack of cohesion of methods (LCOM), ease of agent synchronizations, and semantically smooth coding. Therefore, there is no all-in-one ABM library for best programming any application domains. However, ABM parallel executions are heavily affected by each library's design principles. In particular, FLAME's frequent file accesses and message broadcasts as well as Repast HPC's central agent managements incur system overheads or bottlenecks. These performance drawbacks give MASS C++ an advantage in performing fastest and scaling up simulation most successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of ACM Transactions on Modeling & Computer Simulation is the property of Association for Computing Machinery and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1145/3732778
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Simulation software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Parallel programming
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      – SubjectFull: Multiagent systems
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      – SubjectFull: Software libraries (Computer programming)
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      – TitleFull: An Analysis of Three C/C++ Cluster-Computing Libraries for Agent-Based Models.
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              Text: Oct2025
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              Y: 2025
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