Academic Journal

A Memory Driven Self-learning Combat Agent Architecture in a 3D Virtual Environment.

Bibliographic Details
Title: A Memory Driven Self-learning Combat Agent Architecture in a 3D Virtual Environment.
Authors: Tianci Zhang, Yongyong Wei, Hao Fang
Source: Journal of Web Engineering; 2025, Vol. 24 Issue 5, p687-711, 25p
Subject Terms: Artificial intelligence, Reinforcement learning, Decision making, Electronic data processing, Multiagent systems
Abstract: Agent behavior modeling in 3D virtual environments is a critical challenge in artificial intelligence and military simulation. While rule-based methods (e.g., finite state machines) are widely used, their limitations in adaptability and development efficiency hinder their application in dynamic combat scenarios. To address this, a memory-driven self-learning agent (MDSLA) architecture is proposed, integrating visual, auditory, and game features to simulate human-like battlefield decision-making. The architecture employs an asynchronous advantage actor-critic (A3C) framework to enhance training efficiency and incorporates a memory module for processing historical perception data. Experimental validation in the Vizdoom environment demonstrates that MDSLA outperforms traditional rule-based methods and mainstream reinforcement learning algorithms in convergence speed and combat effectiveness. Furthermore, a parallel simulation mechanism is implemented via high-speed middleware, enabling seamless deployment of the model on both Vizdoom and a high-precision simulation platform (HPSP). Results from HPSP experiments show a 33% reduction in task execution time and a 24.1% improvement in lethality compared to finite state machine-driven agents. This work provides a scalable framework for developing intelligent combat agents with enhanced adaptability and realism in 3D virtual environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Web Engineering is the property of River Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Complementary Index
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DbLabel: Complementary Index
An: 187304146
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 1007.33386230469
IllustrationInfo
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  Data: A Memory Driven Self-learning Combat Agent Architecture in a 3D Virtual Environment.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tianci+Zhang%22">Tianci Zhang</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yongyong+Wei%22">Yongyong Wei</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hao+Fang%22">Hao Fang</searchLink>
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  Data: Journal of Web Engineering; 2025, Vol. 24 Issue 5, p687-711, 25p
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Artificial+intelligence%22">Artificial intelligence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reinforcement+learning%22">Reinforcement learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Decision+making%22">Decision making</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electronic+data+processing%22">Electronic data processing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multiagent+systems%22">Multiagent systems</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Agent behavior modeling in 3D virtual environments is a critical challenge in artificial intelligence and military simulation. While rule-based methods (e.g., finite state machines) are widely used, their limitations in adaptability and development efficiency hinder their application in dynamic combat scenarios. To address this, a memory-driven self-learning agent (MDSLA) architecture is proposed, integrating visual, auditory, and game features to simulate human-like battlefield decision-making. The architecture employs an asynchronous advantage actor-critic (A3C) framework to enhance training efficiency and incorporates a memory module for processing historical perception data. Experimental validation in the Vizdoom environment demonstrates that MDSLA outperforms traditional rule-based methods and mainstream reinforcement learning algorithms in convergence speed and combat effectiveness. Furthermore, a parallel simulation mechanism is implemented via high-speed middleware, enabling seamless deployment of the model on both Vizdoom and a high-precision simulation platform (HPSP). Results from HPSP experiments show a 33% reduction in task execution time and a 24.1% improvement in lethality compared to finite state machine-driven agents. This work provides a scalable framework for developing intelligent combat agents with enhanced adaptability and realism in 3D virtual environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Web Engineering is the property of River Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.13052/jwe1540-9589.2451
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 25
        StartPage: 687
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Artificial intelligence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reinforcement learning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Decision making
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electronic data processing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multiagent systems
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: A Memory Driven Self-learning Combat Agent Architecture in a 3D Virtual Environment.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Tianci Zhang
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            NameFull: Yongyong Wei
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          Name:
            NameFull: Hao Fang
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: 2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 24
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              Value: 5
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