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Microbial Allies from the Cold: Antarctic Fungal Endophytes Improve Maize Performance in Water-Limited Fields.

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Τίτλος: Microbial Allies from the Cold: Antarctic Fungal Endophytes Improve Maize Performance in Water-Limited Fields.
Συγγραφείς: San Miguel, Yessica, Santelices-Moya, Rómulo, Cabrera-Ariza, Antonio M., Ramos, Patricio
Πηγή: Plants (2223-7747); Jul2025, Vol. 14 Issue 14, p2118, 17p
Θεματικοί όροι: Drought tolerance, Corn growth, Endophytic fungi, Oxidative stress, Climate change, Remote sensing, Crop management, Microbial biotechnology
Γεωγραφικοί όροι: Antarctica
Περίληψη: Climate change has intensified drought stress, threatening global food security by affecting sensitive crops like maize (Zea mays). This study evaluated the potential of Antarctic fungal endophytes (Penicillium chrysogenum and P. brevicompactum) to enhance maize drought tolerance under field conditions with different irrigation regimes. Drought stress reduced soil moisture to 59% of field capacity. UAV-based multispectral imagery monitored plant physiological status using vegetation indices (NDVI, NDRE, SIPI, GNDVI). Inoculated plants showed up to two-fold higher index values under drought, indicating improved stress resilience. Physiological analysis revealed increased photochemical efficiency (0.775), higher chlorophyll and carotenoid contents (45.54 mg/mL), and nearly 80% lower lipid peroxidation in inoculated plants. Lower proline accumulation suggested better water status and reduced osmotic stress. Secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins were elevated, particularly under well-watered conditions. Antioxidant enzyme activity shifted: SOD, CAT, and APX were suppressed, while POD activity increased, indicating reprogrammed oxidative stress responses. Yield components, including cob weight and length, improved significantly with inoculation under drought. These findings demonstrate the potential of Antarctic endophytes to enhance drought resilience in maize and underscore the value of integrating microbial biotechnology with UAV-based remote sensing for sustainable crop management under climate-induced water scarcity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Plants (2223-7747) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Βάση Δεδομένων: Complementary Index
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  Data: Microbial Allies from the Cold: Antarctic Fungal Endophytes Improve Maize Performance in Water-Limited Fields.
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  Data: Plants (2223-7747); Jul2025, Vol. 14 Issue 14, p2118, 17p
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drought+tolerance%22">Drought tolerance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Corn+growth%22">Corn growth</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Endophytic+fungi%22">Endophytic fungi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oxidative+stress%22">Oxidative stress</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climate+change%22">Climate change</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Remote+sensing%22">Remote sensing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crop+management%22">Crop management</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microbial+biotechnology%22">Microbial biotechnology</searchLink>
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Climate change has intensified drought stress, threatening global food security by affecting sensitive crops like maize (Zea mays). This study evaluated the potential of Antarctic fungal endophytes (Penicillium chrysogenum and P. brevicompactum) to enhance maize drought tolerance under field conditions with different irrigation regimes. Drought stress reduced soil moisture to 59% of field capacity. UAV-based multispectral imagery monitored plant physiological status using vegetation indices (NDVI, NDRE, SIPI, GNDVI). Inoculated plants showed up to two-fold higher index values under drought, indicating improved stress resilience. Physiological analysis revealed increased photochemical efficiency (0.775), higher chlorophyll and carotenoid contents (45.54 mg/mL), and nearly 80% lower lipid peroxidation in inoculated plants. Lower proline accumulation suggested better water status and reduced osmotic stress. Secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins were elevated, particularly under well-watered conditions. Antioxidant enzyme activity shifted: SOD, CAT, and APX were suppressed, while POD activity increased, indicating reprogrammed oxidative stress responses. Yield components, including cob weight and length, improved significantly with inoculation under drought. These findings demonstrate the potential of Antarctic endophytes to enhance drought resilience in maize and underscore the value of integrating microbial biotechnology with UAV-based remote sensing for sustainable crop management under climate-induced water scarcity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Plants (2223-7747) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/plants14142118
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 2118
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      – SubjectFull: Antarctica
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drought tolerance
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Corn growth
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Endophytic fungi
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      – SubjectFull: Climate change
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      – SubjectFull: Remote sensing
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      – SubjectFull: Crop management
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microbial biotechnology
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      – TitleFull: Microbial Allies from the Cold: Antarctic Fungal Endophytes Improve Maize Performance in Water-Limited Fields.
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            NameFull: Santelices-Moya, Rómulo
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              Text: Jul2025
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              Y: 2025
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