Kinetics and thermodynamics of urea hydrolysis under the coupling of nitrogen application rate and temperature.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος:	Kinetics and thermodynamics of urea hydrolysis under the coupling of nitrogen application rate and temperature.
Συγγραφείς:	Lei, Tao, Guo, Xianghong, Ma, Juanjuan, Sun, Xihuan
Πηγή:	Environmental Science & Pollution Research; Sep2018, Vol. 25 Issue 25, p25413-25419, 7p
Θεματικοί όροι:	Thermodynamics, Analytical mechanics, Hydrolysis, Coupling reactions (Chemistry), Temperature
Περίληψη:	This study aimed to determine the coupled effects of temperature and urea application rate on kinetic and thermodynamic parameters to supplement the mechanism of urea hydrolysis and modify the Arrhenius model to improve the prediction accuracy of urea content. Laboratory experiments were conducted for sandy loam soil under different temperatures (T) (288, 293, 298, and 308 K) and urea application rates (F) (247, 309, 371, and 433 mg kg⁻¹). Urea content was determined daily through high-performance liquid chromatography. Results showed that the interaction between temperature and urea application rate had a significant effect on reaction rate (Ku) and half-life (H1/2), whereas no significant effect on activation degree (lgN), activation free energy (ΔG), activation enthalpy (ΔH), and activation entropy (ΔS). The new Ku(T)-2 model with a determination coefficient (R²) = 0.990 was more accurate than the Arrhenius model with R² = 0.965. The new U(T, F) model with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) = 3.62% was more accurate than the traditional U(T) model with a MAPE = 6.38%. The effects of T and F were observed mainly during the preparatory stage and the most critical transition stage of the chemical reaction, respectively. The findings ΔH > 0, ΔG > 0, and ΔS < 0 indicated that urea hydrolysis was endothermic and controlled by enthalpy. These results supplemented the mechanism of urea hydrolysis and improved the prediction accuracy of urea content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Βάση Δεδομένων:	Complementary Index

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Items	– Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Kinetics and thermodynamics of urea hydrolysis under the coupling of nitrogen application rate and temperature. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lei%2C+Tao%22">Lei, Tao</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Guo%2C+Xianghong%22">Guo, Xianghong</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ma%2C+Juanjuan%22">Ma, Juanjuan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sun%2C+Xihuan%22">Sun, Xihuan</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: Environmental Science & Pollution Research; Sep2018, Vol. 25 Issue 25, p25413-25419, 7p – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermodynamics%22">Thermodynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analytical+mechanics%22">Analytical mechanics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrolysis%22">Hydrolysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Coupling+reactions+%28Chemistry%29%22">Coupling reactions (Chemistry)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Temperature%22">Temperature</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: This study aimed to determine the coupled effects of temperature and urea application rate on kinetic and thermodynamic parameters to supplement the mechanism of urea hydrolysis and modify the Arrhenius model to improve the prediction accuracy of urea content. Laboratory experiments were conducted for sandy loam soil under different temperatures (T) (288, 293, 298, and 308 K) and urea application rates (F) (247, 309, 371, and 433 mg kg<superscript>−1</superscript>). Urea content was determined daily through high-performance liquid chromatography. Results showed that the interaction between temperature and urea application rate had a significant effect on reaction rate (K<subscript>u</subscript>) and half-life (H<subscript>1/2</subscript>), whereas no significant effect on activation degree (lgN), activation free energy (ΔG), activation enthalpy (ΔH), and activation entropy (ΔS). The new K<subscript>u</subscript>(T)-2 model with a determination coefficient (R<superscript>2</superscript>) = 0.990 was more accurate than the Arrhenius model with R<superscript>2</superscript> = 0.965. The new U(T, F) model with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) = 3.62% was more accurate than the traditional U(T) model with a MAPE = 6.38%. The effects of T and F were observed mainly during the preparatory stage and the most critical transition stage of the chemical reaction, respectively. The findings ΔH > 0, ΔG > 0, and ΔS < 0 indicated that urea hydrolysis was endothermic and controlled by enthalpy. These results supplemented the mechanism of urea hydrolysis and improved the prediction accuracy of urea content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: Abstract Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Science & Pollution Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo	BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s11356-018-2576-z Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 7 StartPage: 25413 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Thermodynamics Type: general – SubjectFull: Analytical mechanics Type: general – SubjectFull: Hydrolysis Type: general – SubjectFull: Coupling reactions (Chemistry) Type: general – SubjectFull: Temperature Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Kinetics and thermodynamics of urea hydrolysis under the coupling of nitrogen application rate and temperature. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Lei, Tao – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Guo, Xianghong – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ma, Juanjuan – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sun, Xihuan IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 09 Text: Sep2018 Type: published Y: 2018 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 09441344 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 25 – Type: issue Value: 25 Titles: – TitleFull: Environmental Science & Pollution Research Type: main
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