Academic Journal
Processed meat, unprocessed red meat, poultry, seafood, and egg intake and stomach cancer risk: a pooled analysis of 20 cohorts.
| Τίτλος: | Processed meat, unprocessed red meat, poultry, seafood, and egg intake and stomach cancer risk: a pooled analysis of 20 cohorts. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Peng Y; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia., Wang M; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States., Abe SK; Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan.; Health and Social Welfare, Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, Jakarta, Indonesia., Cai H; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, United States., Chan AT; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States., Datta M; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States., Eliassen AH; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States., Giovannucci EL; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States., Hou T; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States., Huang BZ; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States., Huang WY; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States., Inoue M; Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan., Kanehara R; Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan., Koh WP; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore., Larsson SC; Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Liao LM; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States., Loftfield E; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States., Marchand LL; Epidemiology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States., Mavani P; Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States., McCullough ML; Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States., Miller AB; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada., Moore SC; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States., Mucci LA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.; Discovery Sciences, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States., Prizment A; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States.; University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States., Robien K; Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States., Rohan TE; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States., Sadeghi H; College of Science & Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States., Sawada N; Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan., Shams-White MM; Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States., Shu XO; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, United States., Schulze MB; Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany., Sieri S; Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy., Sinha R; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States., Skeie G; Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway., Song M; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States., Stampfer MJ; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States., Sun Y; Department of Preventive Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States., Um CY; Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States., van den Brandt PA; Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands., Wang F; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States., Wang R; Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States., White E; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States., Willett WC; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States., Wolk A; Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden., Yuan JM; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States., Zheng W; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, United States., Haydon A; Department of Medical Oncology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., MacInnis RJ; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Camargo MC; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States., Ferrari P; Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon Cedex, France., Giles GG; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia., Milne RL; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia., Smith-Warner SA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States., Jayasekara H; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. |
| Πηγή: | International journal of epidemiology [Int J Epidemiol] 2026 Oct 14; Vol. 55 (6). |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 7802871 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1464-3685 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03005771 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Epidemiol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: [London] Oxford University Press. |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Stomach Neoplasms*/epidemiology , Stomach Neoplasms*/etiology , Seafood*/adverse effects , Eggs*/adverse effects , Red Meat*/adverse effects , Diet*/adverse effects , Adenocarcinoma*/epidemiology , Adenocarcinoma*/etiology, Australia/epidemiology ; Humans ; Female ; Animals ; Male ; Poultry ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Adult ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Aged ; Cohort Studies |
| Περίληψη: | Background: Processed meat is classified as a carcinogen and unprocessed red meat a probable carcinogen, but their associations with stomach cancer are not established. We evaluated intakes of these food groups and poultry, seafood, and eggs in relation to stomach cancer risk. Methods: Individual-level data for 1 100 370 females and 891 919 males from 20 cohorts were analysed. Diet was assessed at baseline by using food-frequency questionnaires or diet histories generally covering the past year and harmonized across studies. We used Cox regression to estimate multivariable-adjusted study- and sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations with each food group and combined study-specific estimates by using random-effects meta-analysis. We repeated analyses using an aggregated dataset combining all studies. Results: During follow-up (mean = 8-23 years across studies), 8561 invasive gastric adenocarcinomas were diagnosed. Processed meat intake showed weak evidence of an overall association with stomach cancer risk (HR, 1.15 for ≥45 vs <3 g/day; 95% CI, 1.00-1.32 and HR, 1.03 per 25-g/day increment; 95% CI, 0.99-1.07). This association was limited to current smokers (Pinteraction = .01) and differed by geographic region, with evidence for an association in Australian and European studies and no association observed in Asian studies (Pinteraction = .02). Positive associations with stomach cancer were observed for egg intake; no association was found for unprocessed red meat, poultry, or seafood. Conclusion: Higher processed meat intake was associated with a modestly increased risk of stomach cancer among current smokers, although residual confounding by smoking dose remains possible. Findings for eggs warrant further investigation. (© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.) |
| Grant Information: | GNT1163120 Australian National Health and Medical Research Council |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: cohort studies; pooled analysis; processed meat intake; stomach cancer; unprocessed red meat intake |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20261016 Date Completed: 20261016 Latest Revision: 20261016 |
| Update Code: | 20261017 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/ije/dyag224 |
| PMID: | 42888021 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| FullText | Links: – Type: other Url: https://resolver.ebsco.com:443/public/rma-ftfapi/ejs/direct?AccessToken=4DBB8922F914391695D5&Show=Object Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: cmedm DbLabel: MEDLINE An: 42888021 AccessLevel: 3 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Processed meat, unprocessed red meat, poultry, seafood, and egg intake and stomach cancer risk: a pooled analysis of 20 cohorts. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Peng+Y%22">Peng Y</searchLink>; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wang+M%22">Wang M</searchLink>; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Abe+SK%22">Abe SK</searchLink>; Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan.; Health and Social Welfare, Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, Jakarta, Indonesia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cai+H%22">Cai H</searchLink>; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chan+AT%22">Chan AT</searchLink>; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Datta+M%22">Datta M</searchLink>; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Eliassen+AH%22">Eliassen AH</searchLink>; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Giovannucci+EL%22">Giovannucci EL</searchLink>; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hou+T%22">Hou T</searchLink>; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Huang+BZ%22">Huang BZ</searchLink>; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Huang+WY%22">Huang WY</searchLink>; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Inoue+M%22">Inoue M</searchLink>; Division of Prevention, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kanehara+R%22">Kanehara R</searchLink>; Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Koh+WP%22">Koh WP</searchLink>; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Larsson+SC%22">Larsson SC</searchLink>; Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Liao+LM%22">Liao LM</searchLink>; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Loftfield+E%22">Loftfield E</searchLink>; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Marchand+LL%22">Marchand LL</searchLink>; Epidemiology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mavani+P%22">Mavani P</searchLink>; Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22McCullough+ML%22">McCullough ML</searchLink>; Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Miller+AB%22">Miller AB</searchLink>; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Moore+SC%22">Moore SC</searchLink>; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mucci+LA%22">Mucci LA</searchLink>; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.; Discovery Sciences, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Prizment+A%22">Prizment A</searchLink>; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States.; University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Robien+K%22">Robien K</searchLink>; Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rohan+TE%22">Rohan TE</searchLink>; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sadeghi+H%22">Sadeghi H</searchLink>; College of Science & Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sawada+N%22">Sawada N</searchLink>; Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shams-White+MM%22">Shams-White MM</searchLink>; Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shu+XO%22">Shu XO</searchLink>; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Schulze+MB%22">Schulze MB</searchLink>; Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sieri+S%22">Sieri S</searchLink>; Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sinha+R%22">Sinha R</searchLink>; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Skeie+G%22">Skeie G</searchLink>; Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Song+M%22">Song M</searchLink>; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Stampfer+MJ%22">Stampfer MJ</searchLink>; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sun+Y%22">Sun Y</searchLink>; Department of Preventive Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Um+CY%22">Um CY</searchLink>; Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22van+den+Brandt+PA%22">van den Brandt PA</searchLink>; Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wang+F%22">Wang F</searchLink>; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wang+R%22">Wang R</searchLink>; Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22White+E%22">White E</searchLink>; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Willett+WC%22">Willett WC</searchLink>; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wolk+A%22">Wolk A</searchLink>; Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yuan+JM%22">Yuan JM</searchLink>; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zheng+W%22">Zheng W</searchLink>; Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Haydon+A%22">Haydon A</searchLink>; Department of Medical Oncology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22MacInnis+RJ%22">MacInnis RJ</searchLink>; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Camargo+MC%22">Camargo MC</searchLink>; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ferrari+P%22">Ferrari P</searchLink>; Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon Cedex, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Giles+GG%22">Giles GG</searchLink>; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Milne+RL%22">Milne RL</searchLink>; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Smith-Warner+SA%22">Smith-Warner SA</searchLink>; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jayasekara+H%22">Jayasekara H</searchLink>; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%227802871%22">International journal of epidemiology</searchLink> [Int J Epidemiol] 2026 Oct 14; Vol. 55 (6). – Name: TypePub Label: Publication Type Group: TypPub Data: Journal Article – Name: Language Label: Language Group: Lang Data: English – Name: TitleSource Label: Journal Info Group: Src Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Oxford+University+Press%22">Oxford University Press </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>7802871 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1464-3685 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2203005771%22">03005771 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Int J Epidemiol <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE – Name: PublisherInfo Label: Imprint Name(s) Group: PubInfo Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: [London] Oxford University Press. – Name: SubjectMESH Label: MeSH Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Stomach+Neoplasms%22">Stomach Neoplasms*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Stomach+Neoplasms+epidemiology%22">epidemiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Stomach+Neoplasms%22">Stomach Neoplasms*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Stomach+Neoplasms+etiology%22">etiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Seafood%22">Seafood*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Seafood+adverse+effects%22">adverse effects</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Eggs%22">Eggs*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Eggs+adverse+effects%22">adverse effects</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Red+Meat%22">Red Meat*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Red+Meat+adverse+effects%22">adverse effects</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Diet%22">Diet*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Diet+adverse+effects%22">adverse effects</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Adenocarcinoma%22">Adenocarcinoma*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Adenocarcinoma+epidemiology%22">epidemiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Adenocarcinoma%22">Adenocarcinoma*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Adenocarcinoma+etiology%22">etiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Australia%22">Australia</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Australia+epidemiology%22">epidemiology</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Female%22">Female</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Animals%22">Animals</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Male%22">Male</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Poultry%22">Poultry</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Middle+Aged%22">Middle Aged</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Risk+Factors%22">Risk Factors</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Adult%22">Adult</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Proportional+Hazards+Models%22">Proportional Hazards Models</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Aged%22">Aged</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Cohort+Studies%22">Cohort Studies</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Background: Processed meat is classified as a carcinogen and unprocessed red meat a probable carcinogen, but their associations with stomach cancer are not established. We evaluated intakes of these food groups and poultry, seafood, and eggs in relation to stomach cancer risk.<br />Methods: Individual-level data for 1 100 370 females and 891 919 males from 20 cohorts were analysed. Diet was assessed at baseline by using food-frequency questionnaires or diet histories generally covering the past year and harmonized across studies. We used Cox regression to estimate multivariable-adjusted study- and sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations with each food group and combined study-specific estimates by using random-effects meta-analysis. We repeated analyses using an aggregated dataset combining all studies.<br />Results: During follow-up (mean = 8-23 years across studies), 8561 invasive gastric adenocarcinomas were diagnosed. Processed meat intake showed weak evidence of an overall association with stomach cancer risk (HR, 1.15 for ≥45 vs &lt;3 g/day; 95% CI, 1.00-1.32 and HR, 1.03 per 25-g/day increment; 95% CI, 0.99-1.07). This association was limited to current smokers (Pinteraction = .01) and differed by geographic region, with evidence for an association in Australian and European studies and no association observed in Asian studies (Pinteraction = .02). Positive associations with stomach cancer were observed for egg intake; no association was found for unprocessed red meat, poultry, or seafood.<br />Conclusion: Higher processed meat intake was associated with a modestly increased risk of stomach cancer among current smokers, although residual confounding by smoking dose remains possible. Findings for eggs warrant further investigation.<br /> (© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.) – Name: GrantInfo Label: Grant Information Group: Grant Data: GNT1163120 Australian National Health and Medical Research Council – Name: SubjectMinor Label: Contributed Indexing Group: Data: <i>Keywords: </i>cohort studies; pooled analysis; processed meat intake; stomach cancer; unprocessed red meat intake – Name: DateEntry Label: Entry Date(s) Group: Date Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20261016 <i>Date Completed: </i>20261016 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20261016 – Name: DateUpdate Label: Update Code Group: Date Data: 20261017 – Name: DOI Label: DOI Group: ID Data: 10.1093/ije/dyag224 – Name: AN Label: PMID Group: ID Data: 42888021 |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1093/ije/dyag224 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English Subjects: – SubjectFull: Australia epidemiology Type: general – SubjectFull: Humans Type: general – SubjectFull: Female Type: general – SubjectFull: Animals Type: general – SubjectFull: Male Type: general – SubjectFull: Poultry Type: general – SubjectFull: Middle Aged Type: general – SubjectFull: Risk Factors Type: general – SubjectFull: Adult Type: general – SubjectFull: Proportional Hazards Models Type: general – SubjectFull: Aged Type: general – SubjectFull: Cohort Studies Type: general – SubjectFull: Stomach Neoplasms epidemiology Type: general – SubjectFull: Stomach Neoplasms etiology Type: general – SubjectFull: Seafood adverse effects Type: general – SubjectFull: Eggs adverse effects Type: general – SubjectFull: Red Meat adverse effects Type: general – SubjectFull: Diet adverse effects Type: general – SubjectFull: Adenocarcinoma epidemiology Type: general – SubjectFull: Adenocarcinoma etiology Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Processed meat, unprocessed red meat, poultry, seafood, and egg intake and stomach cancer risk: a pooled analysis of 20 cohorts. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Peng Y – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wang M – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Abe SK – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Cai H – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Chan AT – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Datta M – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Eliassen AH – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Giovannucci EL – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hou T – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Huang BZ – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Huang WY – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Inoue M – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kanehara R – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Koh WP – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Larsson SC – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Liao LM – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Loftfield E – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Marchand LL – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Mavani P – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: McCullough ML – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Miller AB – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Moore SC – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Mucci LA – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Prizment A – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Robien K – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Rohan TE – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sadeghi H – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sawada N – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Shams-White MM – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Shu XO – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Schulze MB – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sieri S – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sinha R – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Skeie G – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Song M – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Stampfer MJ – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sun Y – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Um CY – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: van den Brandt PA – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wang F – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wang R – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: White E – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Willett WC – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wolk A – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Yuan JM – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zheng W – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Haydon A – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: MacInnis RJ – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Camargo MC – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ferrari P – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Giles GG – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Milne RL – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Smith-Warner SA – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Jayasekara H IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 14 M: 10 Text: 2026 Oct 14 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-electronic Value: 1464-3685 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 55 – Type: issue Value: 6 Titles: – TitleFull: International journal of epidemiology Type: main |
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