Academic Journal
Itaconate: a dual-edged sword in immunometabolism and host-pathogen interactions.
| Τίτλος: | Itaconate: a dual-edged sword in immunometabolism and host-pathogen interactions. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Li Y; Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China., Zhang H; Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China., Shen Z; Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China., Wang K; Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China., Luo J; Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China., Zhou J; Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China., Zhu R; Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China., Jiang Y; Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China., Zhang Y; Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China. zhangyan@usc.edu.cn. |
| Πηγή: | Archives of microbiology [Arch Microbiol] 2026 Oct 15; Vol. 209 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Oct 15. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Review |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Springer-Verlag Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 0410427 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-072X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03028933 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Arch Microbiol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Berlin, New York, Springer-Verlag. |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Succinates*/metabolism , Succinates*/immunology , Host-Pathogen Interactions*/immunology, Carboxy-Lyases/metabolism ; Carboxy-Lyases/genetics ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Bacteria/immunology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Humans ; Animals |
| Περίληψη: | Itaconate (ITA), a tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle-derived immunometabolite produced mainly by activated macrophages and other myeloid cells (e.g., neutrophils) through immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1)/aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1), links host metabolism with immune regulation and antimicrobial defense. Initially recognized as an anti-inflammatory metabolite, ITA regulates immune responses through antioxidant signaling, lysosomal activation, inflammasome modulation, and metabolic remodeling. However, emerging evidence reveals context-dependent immunomodulatory effects across different cellular and tissue environments. ITA plays a dual role in host-pathogen interactions by regulating host immune responses while simultaneously serving as a metabolic interface between host defense and bacterial survival. Host-derived ITA restricts pathogens by targeting conserved metabolic enzymes, biosynthetic pathways, and redox homeostasis, whereas bacteria counteract ITA stress through enzymatic degradation, metabolic rewiring, stress adaptation, biofilm formation, and interference with ITA availability. This review summarizes recent advances in ITA-mediated immunometabolic regulation and highlights the reciprocal metabolic competition shaping host-pathogen interactions. (© 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests. |
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Sci Rep 11(1):18173. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97352-x. (PMID: 10.1038/s41598-021-97352-x345185598438069) |
| Grant Information: | S202510555189;S202510555478 National and Provincial Undergraduates Innovation Experimental Program |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Host-pathogen interactions; IRG1/ACOD1; Immunometabolism; Inflammatory response; Itaconate |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Succinates) Q4516562YH (itaconic acid) EC 4.1.1.- (Carboxy-Lyases) EC 4.1.1.- (ACOD1 protein, human) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20261015 Date Completed: 20261015 Latest Revision: 20261015 |
| Update Code: | 20261016 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00203-026-05258-x |
| PMID: | 42878874 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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