Academic Journal
The role of neighborhood socioeconomic environment in the association between glycemic control and the developing brain.
| Τίτλος: | The role of neighborhood socioeconomic environment in the association between glycemic control and the developing brain. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Chandra A; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Hsu E; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Luo S; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA. shanluo@usc.edu.; Department of Psychology, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA. shanluo@usc.edu.; Neuroscience Graduate Program, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA. shanluo@usc.edu.; Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, USC, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSC 215, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA. shanluo@usc.edu. |
| Πηγή: | Brain imaging and behavior [Brain Imaging Behav] 2026 Oct 14; Vol. 20 (5). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Oct 14. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101300405 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1931-7565 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19317557 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Brain Imaging Behav Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Secaucus, NJ : Springer |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Brain*/growth & development , Brain*/diagnostic imaging , Glycemic Control* , Residence Characteristics* , Neighborhood Characteristics*, Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism ; Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis ; Gray Matter/growth & development ; Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Adolescent ; Neurodevelopment ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Socioeconomic Disparities in Health |
| Περίληψη: | Metabolic health and socioeconomic environments may jointly shape neurodevelopment during adolescence, a sensitive period of brain maturation. This cross-sectional study investigated overall and neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation moderated associations between glycemic control and brain structure in youth. Data were analyzed from 705 healthy 10-13-year-olds participating in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® across 21 sites in the United States. Glycemic control was assessed using hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), brain structure was evaluated via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and neighborhood deprivation was measured with the Area Deprivation Index (ADI). Mixed-effects models examined associations between HbA1c and brain structural measures while controlling for sociodemographic covariates, with additional analyses stratified by ADI tertiles. Higher HbA1c was associated with lower mean cortical thickness and smaller total cortical gray matter volume. Each one percent increase in HbA1c corresponded to a 0.024 mm reduction in mean cortical thickness and a 9,611 mm3 reduction in total cortical gray matter volume. Regionally, higher HbA1c was associated with thinner cortex and smaller gray matter volumes primarily within frontal, cingulate and occipital areas. Exploratory analysis found that higher HbA1c was associated with lower total cortical gray matter volume among youth living in medium and high ADI neighborhoods, but not low ADI neighborhoods, whereas higher HbA1c was associated with lower mean cortical thickness only among youth living in high ADI neighborhoods. These findings highlight the interplay between metabolic health and neighborhood deprivation, supporting a model in which socioeconomic disadvantage may magnify the neurodevelopmental impact of metabolic variation, even within the non-diabetic range. (© 2026. The Author(s).) |
| Competing Interests: | Declarations. Ethics approval: Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval was obtained from the centralized IRB at the University of California, San Diego (IRB# 160091). Consent to participate/Consent for publication: Parents provided written informed consent and youth provided assent to take part in the ABCD Study. Conflicts of interest: The authors have nothing to disclose. |
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| Grant Information: | R01 DK137899 National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Adolescent development; Brain structure; Glycemic control; Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Glycated Hemoglobin) 0 (hemoglobin A1c protein, human) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20261014 Date Completed: 20261014 Latest Revision: 20261017 |
| Update Code: | 20261017 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13668964 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s11682-026-01211-0 |
| PMID: | 42873403 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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