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Establishment of a TGF-β-Induced Rodent Myopia Model Using Subconjunctival Injections.

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Τίτλος: Establishment of a TGF-β-Induced Rodent Myopia Model Using Subconjunctival Injections.
Συγγραφείς: Chen YC; Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University., Hsu YA; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University.; Department of Chemistry, National Central University., Chen CH; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University., Chou YL; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University., Chen JR; Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University; chenjr@dragon.nchu.edu.tw., Wan L; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital; leiwan@cmu.edu.tw.
Πηγή: Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE [J Vis Exp] 2026 Oct 06 (236). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Oct 06.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Video-Audio Media
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: MYJoVE Corporation Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101313252 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1940-087X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1940087X NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Vis Exp Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: [Boston, Mass. : MYJoVE Corporation, 2006]-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Myopia*/chemically induced , Transforming Growth Factor beta2*/administration & dosage , Transforming Growth Factor beta*/administration & dosage , Disease Models, Animal*, Animals ; Rats ; Mice ; Conjunctiva ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Περίληψη: Myopia is a major global public health concern characterized by excessive axial elongation and scleral extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. While experimental models are essential for investigating these mechanisms, traditional optical defocus methods in small rodents present technical limitations. Here, a standardizable pharmacological myopia model was established and evaluated via repeated subconjunctival injections of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). To achieve targeted delivery, a dual-handed surgical stabilization technique was developed to evert the upper eyelid, allowing a 33-gauge needle to target the palpebral conjunctiva at a shallow 20°-30° angle. Through in vivo screening in rats, TGF-β2 (500 pg/eye) was identified as a prominent driver of posterior eye growth. Subsequent dose-response titration in mice revealed an inverted U-shaped profile. In the primary validation cohort, the lowest dose (250 pg/eye) induced pronounced axial elongation (0.197 ± 0.012 mm) and myopic refractive shifts (-1.58 ± 0.63 D). At the molecular level, repetitive TGF-β2 administration activated the retinal NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) / interleukin-1β (IL-1β) inflammasome cascade and upregulated matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) expression in both species. Coupled with a two-day split biometric recording regimen that minimizes anesthesia-associated artifacts, this protocol provides a reliable, scalable platform for evaluating anti-myopia interventions.
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Transforming Growth Factor beta2)
0 (Transforming Growth Factor beta)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20261007 Date Completed: 20261007 Latest Revision: 20261007
Update Code: 20261008
DOI: 10.3791/73178
PMID: 42841508
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
FullText Text:
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  Data: Establishment of a TGF-β-Induced Rodent Myopia Model Using Subconjunctival Injections.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chen+YC%22">Chen YC</searchLink>; Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hsu+YA%22">Hsu YA</searchLink>; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University.; Department of Chemistry, National Central University.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chen+CH%22">Chen CH</searchLink>; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chou+YL%22">Chou YL</searchLink>; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chen+JR%22">Chen JR</searchLink>; Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University; chenjr@dragon.nchu.edu.tw.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wan+L%22">Wan L</searchLink>; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital; leiwan@cmu.edu.tw.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101313252%22">Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE</searchLink> [J Vis Exp] 2026 Oct 06 (236). <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Oct 06.
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  Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: [Boston, Mass. : MYJoVE Corporation, 2006]-
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Myopia%22">Myopia*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Myopia+chemically+induced%22">chemically induced</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Transforming+Growth+Factor+beta2%22">Transforming Growth Factor beta2*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Transforming+Growth+Factor+beta2+administration+%26+dosage%22">administration & dosage</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Transforming+Growth+Factor+beta%22">Transforming Growth Factor beta*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Transforming+Growth+Factor+beta+administration+%26+dosage%22">administration & dosage</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Disease+Models%2C+Animal%22">Disease Models, Animal*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Animals%22">Animals</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Rats%22">Rats</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Mice%22">Mice</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Conjunctiva%22">Conjunctiva</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Male%22">Male</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Rats%2C+Sprague-Dawley%22">Rats, Sprague-Dawley</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Myopia is a major global public health concern characterized by excessive axial elongation and scleral extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. While experimental models are essential for investigating these mechanisms, traditional optical defocus methods in small rodents present technical limitations. Here, a standardizable pharmacological myopia model was established and evaluated via repeated subconjunctival injections of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). To achieve targeted delivery, a dual-handed surgical stabilization technique was developed to evert the upper eyelid, allowing a 33-gauge needle to target the palpebral conjunctiva at a shallow 20°-30° angle. Through in vivo screening in rats, TGF-β2 (500 pg/eye) was identified as a prominent driver of posterior eye growth. Subsequent dose-response titration in mice revealed an inverted U-shaped profile. In the primary validation cohort, the lowest dose (250 pg/eye) induced pronounced axial elongation (0.197 ± 0.012 mm) and myopic refractive shifts (-1.58 ± 0.63 D). At the molecular level, repetitive TGF-β2 administration activated the retinal NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) / interleukin-1β (IL-1β) inflammasome cascade and upregulated matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) expression in both species. Coupled with a two-day split biometric recording regimen that minimizes anesthesia-associated artifacts, this protocol provides a reliable, scalable platform for evaluating anti-myopia interventions.
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  Data: 0 (Transforming Growth Factor beta2)<br />0 (Transforming Growth Factor beta)
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  Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20261007 <i>Date Completed: </i>20261007 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20261007
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  Data: 10.3791/73178
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PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=cmedm&AN=42841508
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        Value: 10.3791/73178
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        Text: English
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Animals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rats
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      – SubjectFull: Myopia chemically induced
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      – SubjectFull: Transforming Growth Factor beta administration & dosage
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      – SubjectFull: Disease Models, Animal
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      – TitleFull: Establishment of a TGF-β-Induced Rodent Myopia Model Using Subconjunctival Injections.
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              Text: 2026 Oct 06
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