Academic Journal
Reclassification of office blood pressure categories according to the 2024 European Society of Cardiology guidelines and its implications for clinical practice in primary care: a cross-sectional study.
| Τίτλος: | Reclassification of office blood pressure categories according to the 2024 European Society of Cardiology guidelines and its implications for clinical practice in primary care: a cross-sectional study. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Çifçi İ; Karabağlar 27th Family Health Center, Turkish Ministry of Health, Izmir, Türkiye. dr.ismailcifci@gmail.com., Koç EM; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Türkiye. |
| Πηγή: | BMC primary care [BMC Prim Care] 2026 Sep 11; Vol. 27 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 11. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: BioMed Central Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9918300889006676 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2731-4553 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 27314553 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Prim Care Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: [London] : BioMed Central Ltd., [2022]- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Hypertension*/classification , Hypertension*/diagnosis , Primary Health Care* , Practice Guidelines as Topic* , Blood Pressure* , Blood Pressure Determination*, Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Aged ; Adult ; Cardiology |
| Περίληψη: | Background: The 2024 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines retained the diagnostic threshold for hypertension (≥ 140/90 mmHg) but revised the classification of office blood pressure (BP) values below this threshold and introduced a risk-based management strategy. However, there are limited data regarding the impact of these changes on primary care practice. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reclassification of office BP categories among primary care patients according to the 2024 ESC guidelines for elevated BP and hypertension, and to assess achievement of target BP based on these revised targets. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 882 individuals aged 18 years or older registered at a family health center (FHC) in Izmir. Participants were classified according to the 2018 ESC/European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and 2024 ESC criteria. Cardiovascular risk was determined using the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 (SCORE2) and SCORE2-Older Persons (SCORE2-OP) algorithms. The primary endpoint was the change in office BP classification, and the secondary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving the BP target. Results: Overall, 29.5% of the participants had hypertension. Under the 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines, 70.5% of individuals had optimal, normal, or high-normal office BP, whereas under the 2024 ESC guidelines, only 17.1% had non-elevated BP. Applying the 2024 criteria, 53.4% of all participants were placed in the elevated BP group, with 75.7% of individuals previously considered below the hypertension threshold reclassified into this group. The proportion of treated patients achieving the prespecified BP target decreased from 53.5% under the 2018 ESC/ESH criteria to 30.8% under the 2024 ESC framework. Conclusion: Applying the 2024 ESC office BP criteria reclassified more than half of our participants into the newly defined "elevated BP" group. This update could influence daily clinical practice by changing how clinicians determine which patients require closer assessment, ongoing follow-up, and treatment to achieve target BP. (© 2026. The Author(s).) |
| Competing Interests: | Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This retrospective cross-sectional study was approved by the İzmir Katip Çelebi University Health Research Institutional Review Board (Decision No. 0468; Date: 17 July 2025). Permission to conduct the study and to access the study data was also obtained from the İzmir Provincial Health Directorate (Decision No. 2026/1B-2). The study was based exclusively on anonymized data retrospectively extracted from routinely collected electronic medical records. The need for consent to participate was waived by the İzmir Katip Çelebi University Health Research Institutional Review Board. All procedures were performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Blood pressure determination; Hypertension; Practice guidelines as topic; Primary health care; Risk assessment |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20261006 Date Completed: 20261006 Latest Revision: 20261008 |
| Update Code: | 20261008 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13640106 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s12875-026-03553-6 |
| PMID: | 42834368 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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