Academic Journal
Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome: Changes in Severity, Comorbid Conditions, and Impairment from Childhood to Adolescence.
| Τίτλος: | Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome: Changes in Severity, Comorbid Conditions, and Impairment from Childhood to Adolescence. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Mayes SD; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Dr, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA., Villalongo Andino M; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Dr, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA. maravillalongo@gmail.com.; Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA. maravillalongo@gmail.com., Waschbusch DA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Dr, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA. |
| Πηγή: | Research on child and adolescent psychopathology [Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol] 2026 Oct 03; Vol. 54 (5). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Oct 03. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Springer US Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101773609 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2730-7174 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 27307166 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: [New York] : Springer US, [2021]- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity*/epidemiology , Autistic Disorder*/epidemiology, Oppositional Defiant Disorder/epidemiology ; Humans ; Child ; Female ; Adolescent ; Comorbidity ; Male ; Severity of Illness Index ; Syndrome |
| Περίληψη: | An international Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) Work Group noted it remains unclear whether CDS worsens or becomes more impairing with age, which we tested in community and referred samples. Mothers rated their children on the Pediatric Behavior Scale (assessing CDS, ADHD, autism, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct problems, anxiety, depression, social impairment, and academic impairment) in a community sample (N = 376, 6-12 years at baseline re-evaluated a mean of 8 years later) and a referred sample with autism and/or ADHD (N = 1,601, 6-17 years). In the community sample (Study 1), CDS mean scores decreased from childhood to adolescence in youth with childhood CDS, yet were still clinically elevated in adolescence. At the individual level, 70% improved, 26% worsened, and 4% were unchanged. Mean psychopathology/impairment scores also improved in youth with childhood CDS. For youth without childhood CDS, change in CDS scores was nonsignificant. All psychopathology/impairment scores in childhood and in adolescence were above the population mean for youth with childhood CDS and were below the mean for youth without childhood CDS. In the referred ADHD/autism sample (Study 2), CDS was also associated with increased psychopathology/impairment. Adolescents had higher CDS scores than children, but effect sizes were small, as were correlations with age. In conclusion, CDS was associated with psychopathology/impairment in the community and referred ADHD/autism samples. Mean CDS and psychopathology/impairment scores improved over time for youth with childhood CDS, but were still clinically elevated in adolescence, underscoring the need for ongoing monitoring and support. (© 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declarations. Ethics Approval: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Consent: The Institutional Review Board waived informed consent for the retrospective analysis of existing clinical data for the autism and ADHD samples. Parent consent and child assent were obtained for the population-based sample. Research Involving Human Participants: The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the authors’ Institutional Review Board and with the Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Competing interests: The authors declare they have no relevant financial or nonfinancial interests to disclose. |
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| Grant Information: | R01 HL063772, M01 RR10732, and C06 RR016499. National Institute of health |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Autism and ADHD sample; Change over time; Cognitive disengagement syndrome; Community sample; Psychopathology/impairment |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20261003 Date Completed: 20261003 Latest Revision: 20261008 |
| Update Code: | 20261008 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10802-026-01509-z |
| PMID: | 42828619 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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