Academic Journal
Targeting innate immunity in cancer: mechanistic foundations, therapeutic vaccination, and clinical translation.
| Title: | Targeting innate immunity in cancer: mechanistic foundations, therapeutic vaccination, and clinical translation. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Li X; Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China., Meng Y; Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China., Dong J; Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China., Ma Y; Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China., Liu D; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China., Zhang X; Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China., Zhao L; Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China. |
| Source: | Frontiers in immunology [Front Immunol] 2026 Sep 18; Vol. 17, pp. 1941235. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 18 (Print Publication: 2026). |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article; Review |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation] Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101560960 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1664-3224 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16643224 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: [Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation] |
| MeSH Terms: | Neoplasms*/immunology , Neoplasms*/therapy , Neoplasms*/metabolism , Cancer Vaccines*/immunology , Cancer Vaccines*/therapeutic use , Immunity, Innate*, Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Humans ; Animals ; Innate Immunity Recognition ; Vaccination ; Translational Research, Biomedical |
| Abstract: | Cancer evolves within tissue ecosystems in which innate immune surveillance and tumor-promoting inflammation jointly shape disease progression and therapeutic response. Innate receptors detect cellular stress, altered-self ligands, damaged-cell products and tumor-derived nucleic acids, thereby initiating cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, antigen presentation and adaptive immune priming. However, tumors can redirect these mechanisms through suppressive cytokines, metabolic competition, hypoxia and dysregulated chemokine networks, promoting immune exclusion, metastasis and treatment resistance. This Review examines innate recognition, immunoediting and innate-adaptive crosstalk. We discuss the heterogeneity, dysfunction and therapeutic targeting of dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, neutrophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, innate lymphoid cells and other tissue-resident populations. We also evaluate Toll-like receptor, cGAS-STING, RIG-I-MAVS, inflammasome and complement pathways as therapeutically actionable but potentially tumor-promoting signaling systems. Finally, we consider how innate adjuvants, antigen selection, delivery technologies and rational combinations can improve therapeutic cancer vaccines. Emerging clinical studies demonstrate feasibility, but inconsistent efficacy and treatment-associated toxicity emphasize the need for biomarker-guided patient selection, spatially restricted delivery and mechanism-based sequencing. Clinical translation will depend on biomarker-guided patient selection, localized delivery and treatment sequencing that preserves antimicrobial defense and tissue homeostasis. (Copyright © 2026 Li, Meng, Dong, Ma, Liu, Zhang and Zhao.) |
| Competing Interests: | The author(s) declared that this work was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. |
| References: | Nat Med. 2023 Nov;29(11):2844-2853. (PMID: 37872225) Nature. 2018 Feb 22;554(7693):544-548. (PMID: 29443960) Nature. 2019 May;569(7754):73-78. (PMID: 30996346) Nature. 2025 May;641(8061):202-210. (PMID: 40140567) Science. 2024 Jan 12;383(6679):190-200. (PMID: 38207022) Cancer Cell. 2025 Sep 8;43(9):1622-1636.e7. (PMID: 40614736) Nat Med. 2024 Mar;30(3):772-784. (PMID: 38238616) Nat Immunol. 2025 Apr;26(4):582-594. (PMID: 40119192) J Clin Invest. 2020 May 1;130(5):2570-2586. (PMID: 32017708) Nature. 2023 Nov;623(7989):1053-1061. (PMID: 37844613) Cancer Cell. 2023 Feb 13;41(2):356-372.e10. (PMID: 36706760) Nat Commun. 2022 Apr 1;13(1):1742. (PMID: 35365629) Cell Rep Med. 2024 May 21;5(5):101516. (PMID: 38626769) Nat Med. 2022 Aug;28(8):1630-1639. (PMID: 35864254) Nat Med. 2025 Jul;31(7):2405-2415. (PMID: 40563015) Nat Cancer. 2020 Dec;1(12):1204-1217. (PMID: 35121932) J Exp Med. 2025 Jan 6;222(1):. (PMID: 39601781) Cancer Cell. 2024 Feb 12;42(2):253-265.e12. (PMID: 38181798) Nat Commun. 2024 Jan 24;15(1):682. (PMID: 38267413) Nat Med. 2025 Nov;31(11):3648-3653. (PMID: 40790272) Nat Med. 2019 May;25(5):814-824. (PMID: 30962585) Lancet Oncol. 2018 May;19(5):694-704. (PMID: 29628312) Sci Immunol. 2020 Feb 21;5(44):. (PMID: 32086381) Liver Cancer. 2023 Sep 30;13(3):248-264. (PMID: 38756145) Nat Commun. 2021 May 5;12(1):2538. (PMID: 33953160) J Clin Invest. 2023 Apr 17;133(8):. (PMID: 36821387) Clin Cancer Res. 2023 Jan 4;29(1):110-121. (PMID: 36282874) Sci Immunol. 2021 May 7;6(59):. (PMID: 33963060) Cell Rep Med. 2024 Feb 20;5(2):101380. (PMID: 38242120) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Dec 26;120(52):e2313693120. (PMID: 38117852) Sci Adv. 2021 Sep 10;7(37):eabj2101. (PMID: 34516771) Immunity. 2018 Oct 16;49(4):754-763.e4. (PMID: 30332631) Clin Cancer Res. 2017 Sep 1;23(17):5187-5201. (PMID: 28698201) Cell Stem Cell. 2024 Jun 6;31(6):803-817.e6. (PMID: 38663406) Cell Mol Immunol. 2021 Feb;18(2):427-439. (PMID: 32939032) Science. 2024 Jan 12;383(6679):eadf6493. (PMID: 38207030) N Engl J Med. 2018 Nov 01;379(18):1711-1721. (PMID: 30380386) Science. 2016 May 20;352(6288):aad3018. (PMID: 27199435) Cell. 2018 Dec 13;175(7):1731-1743.e13. (PMID: 30503213) Sci Adv. 2021 May 26;7(22):. (PMID: 34039594) J Exp Med. 2021 Apr 5;218(4):. (PMID: 33566112) Nature. 2020 Jul;583(7817):609-614. (PMID: 32581358) Science. 2018 Mar 30;359(6383):1537-1542. (PMID: 29599246) ACS Nano. 2024 May 7;18(18):11631-11643. (PMID: 38652829) Clin Cancer Res. 2023 Apr 3;29(7):1209-1219. (PMID: 36378549) Nat Cancer. 2025 Apr;6(4):682-701. (PMID: 40155713) Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Mar;12(11):e2411307. (PMID: 39799561) Nat Biotechnol. 2025 Aug;43(8):1360-1372. (PMID: 39394480) J Immunol. 2012 Nov 1;189(9):4674-83. (PMID: 23028051) Cell. 2021 Feb 4;184(3):792-809.e23. (PMID: 33545035) Nature. 2023 Apr;616(7958):806-813. (PMID: 36991128) Lancet Oncol. 2016 May;17(5):651-62. (PMID: 27055731) Nat Immunol. 2015 Jun;16(6):609-17. (PMID: 25915731) Cell. 2023 Mar 30;186(7):1448-1464.e20. (PMID: 37001504) Nat Immunol. 2022 Jun;23(6):904-915. (PMID: 35618834) Nat Med. 2025 Jun;31(6):1987-1993. (PMID: 40186077) Gut. 2023 May;72(5):958-971. (PMID: 35688610) Cancer Cell. 2025 Mar 10;43(3):413-427.e9. (PMID: 39919736) Nature. 2020 Mar;579(7797):130-135. (PMID: 32076273) Nat Commun. 2026 Mar 18;17(1):. (PMID: 41851087) Nature. 2022 Jun;606(7913):389-395. (PMID: 35589842) Blood. 2022 Mar 17;139(11):1670-1683. (PMID: 34871371) Nat Biotechnol. 2023 Sep;41(9):1296-1306. (PMID: 36635380) Mol Immunol. 2019 Oct;114:341-352. (PMID: 31446305) Cancer. 2019 Dec 1;125(23):4172-4180. (PMID: 31483485) Cell. 2022 Mar 31;185(7):1189-1207.e25. (PMID: 35325594) Nat Med. 2025 Apr;31(4):1171-1182. (PMID: 39920391) Sci Immunol. 2019 Sep 13;4(39):. (PMID: 31519811) Cancer Res. 2010 Jan 1;70(1):99-108. (PMID: 19996287) Nature. 2016 Jun 01;534(7607):396-401. (PMID: 27281205) Nat Commun. 2021 Jan 12;12(1):346. (PMID: 33436641) Nature. 2019 Jan;565(7738):186-191. (PMID: 30626941) Cell. 2020 Oct 29;183(3):818-834.e13. (PMID: 33038342) ACS Nano. 2023 Aug 22;17(16):15542-15555. (PMID: 37577982) Immunity. 2022 Nov 8;55(11):2044-2058.e5. (PMID: 36288724) Cell. 2021 Sep 2;184(18):4734-4752.e20. (PMID: 34450029) Nature. 2025 Nov;647(8089):488-497. (PMID: 41125896) Nat Cancer. 2024 Feb;5(2):240-261. (PMID: 37996514) Cell. 2018 Feb 8;172(4):825-840.e18. (PMID: 29336888) Nat Commun. 2025 Jul 1;16(1):5707. (PMID: 40592930) Sci Rep. 2017 Nov 13;7(1):15424. (PMID: 29133913) Cell Rep Med. 2024 Jan 16;5(1):101377. (PMID: 38232703) Immunity. 2024 May 14;57(5):1105-1123.e8. (PMID: 38703775) Nature. 2020 Aug;584(7822):624-629. (PMID: 32788723) J Exp Med. 2011 Sep 26;208(10):1949-62. (PMID: 21930770) J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2024 Dec 5;43(1):318. (PMID: 39639338) Cell. 2023 Sep 14;186(19):4235-4251.e20. (PMID: 37607536) Nat Cancer. 2025 Nov;6(11):1880-1898. (PMID: 40854985) Sci Immunol. 2024 Jul 26;9(97):eadk3981. (PMID: 39058763) Nat Immunol. 2008 Nov;9(11):1225-35. (PMID: 18820683) EBioMedicine. 2019 Mar;41:146-155. (PMID: 30852164) J Clin Oncol. 2025 May 20;43(15):1800-1809. (PMID: 40048691) Nat Commun. 2021 Dec 15;12(1):7300. (PMID: 34911937) Lancet. 2024 Feb 17;403(10427):632-644. (PMID: 38246194) Science. 2023 Aug 4;381(6657):515-524. (PMID: 37535729) J Immunother Cancer. 2020 Mar;8(1):. (PMID: 32188702) Nature. 2025 Feb;638(8052):1076-1084. (PMID: 39814891) Sci Adv. 2023 Jun 30;9(26):eadg3736. (PMID: 37390211) Sci Transl Med. 2023 Jan 25;15(680):eabn6758. (PMID: 36696484) Clin Cancer Res. 2017 Jun 15;23(12):2942-2950. (PMID: 27965309) Cancer Immunol Res. 2019 Jul;7(7):1091-1105. (PMID: 31164356) Cell Rep Med. 2023 Dec 19;4(12):101307. (PMID: 38056464) Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2013 May;62(5):909-18. (PMID: 23589106) Nature. 2025 Mar;639(8056):1042-1051. (PMID: 39972124) Nat Commun. 2022 Jun 27;13(1):3676. (PMID: 35760796) Science. 2020 Feb 7;367(6478):. (PMID: 31919129) Cell Mol Immunol. 2025 Feb;22(2):150-160. (PMID: 39741195) Lancet. 2019 Aug 10;394(10197):478-487. (PMID: 31229240) Lancet Oncol. 2021 Dec;22(12):1740-1751. (PMID: 34793719) Nat Commun. 2022 Nov 4;13(1):6623. (PMID: 36333297) Cancer Cell. 2023 Apr 10;41(4):757-775.e10. (PMID: 37037615) Nat Cancer. 2024 Jul;5(7):1063-1081. (PMID: 38609488) Cancer Cell. 2020 Jun 8;37(6):786-799.e5. (PMID: 32516589) Nat Commun. 2021 May 11;12(1):2626. (PMID: 33976179) Sci Immunol. 2025 Jun 6;10(108):eads1328. (PMID: 40478935) Nat Commun. 2025 Jul 2;16(1):6074. (PMID: 40603850) Nat Commun. 2022 Nov 7;13(1):6539. (PMID: 36344500) J Clin Oncol. 2019 May 1;37(13):1051-1061. (PMID: 30817251) Nat Med. 2023 Jun;29(6):1379-1388. (PMID: 37188782) Immunity. 2020 Aug 18;53(2):335-352.e8. (PMID: 32610077) Nat Commun. 2017 Aug 16;8(1):269. (PMID: 28814715) Nat Cancer. 2020 May;1(5):507-517. (PMID: 33458695) NEJM Evid. 2023 Jan;2(1):EVIDoa2200167. (PMID: 38320011) J Clin Oncol. 2024 Jan 10;42(2):192-204. (PMID: 38039427) Nat Immunol. 2018 Jul;19(7):723-732. (PMID: 29915296) Br J Cancer. 2024 Jul;131(1):63-76. (PMID: 38750114) Nature. 2026 Jun;654(8118):485-494. (PMID: 41986715) Immunity. 2021 Aug 10;54(8):1772-1787.e9. (PMID: 34289378) Nat Med. 2014 Jun;20(6):676-81. (PMID: 24859530) Nat Cell Biol. 2019 Feb;21(2):190-202. (PMID: 30598531) Cell. 2019 Apr 18;177(3):556-571.e16. (PMID: 30955881) Immunity. 2014 Nov 20;41(5):830-42. (PMID: 25517615) Cancer Cell. 2024 Dec 9;42(12):2015-2031.e11. (PMID: 39577420) Cell Rep. 2024 Nov 26;43(11):114875. (PMID: 39446585) Science. 2025 Jan 17;387(6731):eabm5214. (PMID: 39818911) Ann Oncol. 2026 Jul;37(7):999-1010. (PMID: 42025759) Cancer Cell. 2023 Nov 13;41(11):1892-1910.e10. (PMID: 37863068) Nat Commun. 2022 Feb 2;13(1):626. (PMID: 35110548) Nature. 2019 Aug;572(7768):254-259. (PMID: 31316209) Nat Biomed Eng. 2024 May;8(5):579-592. (PMID: 38424352) Nat Commun. 2023 Jun 20;14(1):3650. (PMID: 37339979) Science. 2013 Feb 15;339(6121):786-91. (PMID: 23258413) J Immunol. 2016 Mar 1;196(5):2167-80. (PMID: 26810222) Sci Transl Med. 2014 May 21;6(237):237ra67. (PMID: 24848257) Sci Transl Med. 2022 Feb 23;14(633):eabm1375. (PMID: 35196021) Cell Rep Med. 2023 Mar 21;4(3):100961. (PMID: 36868236) Immunity. 2020 May 19;52(5):856-871.e8. (PMID: 32289253) Cancer Discov. 2021 Dec 1;11(12):2998-3007. (PMID: 34326162) JAMA Oncol. 2023 Jan 1;9(1):112-121. (PMID: 36394838) JAMA Oncol. 2021 Apr 01;7(4):573-584. (PMID: 33480963) Nat Immunol. 2024 Aug;25(8):1445-1459. (PMID: 38956379) J Immunother Cancer. 2023 Jan;11(1):. (PMID: 36693678) EBioMedicine. 2020 Aug;58:102922. (PMID: 32739871) Sci Immunol. 2023 Feb 24;8(80):eadd5204. (PMID: 36800412) Nat Commun. 2025 Jul 1;16(1):6020. (PMID: 40592817) Nat Med. 2022 Aug;28(8):1619-1629. (PMID: 35970920) Nature. 2023 Aug;620(7976):1080-1088. (PMID: 37612508) Nat Immunol. 2019 Mar;20(3):257-264. (PMID: 30778250) Sci Transl Med. 2024 Oct 30;16(771):eadk1168. (PMID: 39475570) J Exp Med. 2019 Dec 2;216(12):2854-2868. (PMID: 31601678) ACS Nano. 2022 Feb 22;16(2):2585-2597. (PMID: 35080858) Nat Commun. 2025 Nov 26;16(1):11666. (PMID: 41298491) Sci Transl Med. 2016 Sep 21;8(357):357ra123. (PMID: 27655849) J Exp Med. 2019 Sep 2;216(9):2113-2127. (PMID: 31270246) J Clin Oncol. 2023 Jan 20;41(3):528-540. (PMID: 35998300) Cancer Res. 2009 Feb 15;69(4):1553-60. (PMID: 19201693) Lung Cancer. 2025 May;203:108516. (PMID: 40174385) Sci Immunol. 2020 Mar 20;5(45):. (PMID: 32198222) Cell. 2023 Mar 30;186(7):1432-1447.e17. (PMID: 37001503) Nat Commun. 2019 Jun 21;10(1):2735. (PMID: 31227713) Nature. 2020 Apr;580(7802):257-262. (PMID: 32269339) Nat Commun. 2016 Jul 06;7:12150. (PMID: 27381735) Cell. 2024 May 23;187(11):2703-2716.e23. (PMID: 38657602) J Exp Med. 2020 Dec 7;217(12):. (PMID: 32860704) Cell. 2024 Nov 14;187(23):6631-6648.e20. (PMID: 39378878) Invest New Drugs. 2024 Feb;42(1):145-159. (PMID: 38324085) Nature. 2020 Mar;579(7799):415-420. (PMID: 32188940) Nature. 2020 Jul;583(7814):133-138. (PMID: 32528174) Cancer Cell. 2024 Aug 12;42(8):1450-1466.e11. (PMID: 39137729) Cancer Cell. 2024 Jan 8;42(1):70-84.e8. (PMID: 38194915) Mol Immunol. 2003 Sep;40(2-4):109-23. (PMID: 12914817) Nat Med. 2020 May;26(5):688-692. (PMID: 32405062) Cancer Cell. 2023 Jan 9;41(1):106-123.e10. (PMID: 36525971) Science. 2020 Aug 21;369(6506):. (PMID: 32820094) Nat Cancer. 2025 May;6(5):786-800. (PMID: 40251398) Cell. 2021 Sep 16;184(19):5015-5030.e16. (PMID: 34407392) Cancer Discov. 2022 Jan;12(1):31-46. (PMID: 35022204) Lancet Oncol. 2017 Oct;18(10):1373-1385. (PMID: 28844499) Cell. 2020 Aug 20;182(4):886-900.e17. (PMID: 32783918) Sci Immunol. 2024 Oct 4;9(100):eadq8843. (PMID: 39365874) Nature. 2021 Jul;595(7868):578-584. (PMID: 34135508) Nat Commun. 2024 Jun 28;15(1):5487. (PMID: 38942798) Oncoimmunology. 2018 Oct 11;8(1):e1505174. (PMID: 30546943) JCI Insight. 2021 Dec 8;6(23):. (PMID: 34673569) Cell Stem Cell. 2020 Aug 6;27(2):224-237.e6. (PMID: 32531207) Nature. 2023 Jun;618(7963):144-150. (PMID: 37165196) Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2022 Dec;71(12):2985-2998. (PMID: 35596791) Cancer Res Commun. 2024 Apr 25;4(4):1135-1149. (PMID: 38598844) J Clin Invest. 2017 Mar 1;127(3):780-789. (PMID: 28248200) Cancer Cell. 2022 Sep 12;40(9):1010-1026.e11. (PMID: 36027916) Nat Biomed Eng. 2018 Aug;2(8):578-588. (PMID: 31015631) Cancer Cell. 2024 Nov 11;42(11):1898-1918.e12. (PMID: 39486411) Nat Immunol. 2020 May;21(5):555-566. (PMID: 32327756) J Immunother Cancer. 2020 Jul;8(2):. (PMID: 32737142) J Immunother Cancer. 2025 Feb 04;13(2):. (PMID: 39904560) J Control Release. 2023 May;357:620-629. (PMID: 37061194) Cell. 2024 Feb 1;187(3):624-641.e23. (PMID: 38211590) Nat Commun. 2024 Jan 24;15(1):683. (PMID: 38267402) Lancet. 2025 Jan 11;405(10473):127-136. (PMID: 39798981) Nat Cancer. 2024 Jul;5(7):1045-1062. (PMID: 38831058) Cancer Cell. 2022 Jun 13;40(6):624-638.e9. (PMID: 35623342) Nat Commun. 2024 May 8;15(1):3882. (PMID: 38719809) Mol Cancer Ther. 2020 Jul;19(7):1530-1538. (PMID: 32371579) Nat Mater. 2022 Jun;21(6):710-720. (PMID: 35606429) Ann Oncol. 2023 Oct;34(10):920-933. (PMID: 37704166) Nat Cancer. 2025 Jun;6(6):988-999. (PMID: 40346292) Nat Med. 2024 Apr;30(4):1044-1053. (PMID: 38584166) Nat Med. 2022 Jun;28(6):1167-1177. (PMID: 35662283) Neurooncol Adv. 2023 Jul 19;5(1):vdad088. (PMID: 37554225) Sci Adv. 2025 Jul 11;11(28):eadu5915. (PMID: 40644540) Cancer Cell. 2024 Aug 12;42(8):1415-1433.e12. (PMID: 39029466) Cancer Cell. 2023 Aug 14;41(8):1498-1515.e10. (PMID: 37451271) Nat Commun. 2024 Feb 23;15(1):1632. (PMID: 38395969) Cell. 2018 Feb 22;172(5):1022-1037.e14. (PMID: 29429633) Nat Med. 2023 Jun;29(6):1389-1399. (PMID: 37322116) Cancer Discov. 2024 Aug 2;14(8):1418-1439. (PMID: 38552005) Clin Cancer Res. 2021 Aug 15;27(16):4574-4586. (PMID: 34112709) |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: cancer immunotherapy; cancer vaccines; innate immune sensing; innate immunity; tumor microenvironment |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Cancer Vaccines) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20261003 Date Completed: 20261003 Latest Revision: 20261005 |
| Update Code: | 20261005 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13631731 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1941235 |
| PMID: | 42828145 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 CustomLinks: – Url: https://resolver.ebsco.com/c/fiv2js/result?sid=EBSCO:cmedm&genre=article&issn=16643224&ISBN=&volume=17&issue=&date=20260918&spage=1941235&pages=1941235&title=Frontiers in immunology&atitle=Targeting%20innate%20immunity%20in%20cancer%3A%20mechanistic%20foundations%2C%20therapeutic%20vaccination%2C%20and%20clinical%20translation.&aulast=Li%20X&id=DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1941235 Name: Full Text Finder (for New FTF UI) (ns324271) Category: fullText Text: Full Text Finder MouseOverText: Full Text Finder |
|---|---|
| Header | DbId: cmedm DbLabel: MEDLINE An: 42828145 AccessLevel: 3 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
| IllustrationInfo | |
| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Targeting innate immunity in cancer: mechanistic foundations, therapeutic vaccination, and clinical translation. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Li+X%22">Li X</searchLink>; Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Meng+Y%22">Meng Y</searchLink>; Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dong+J%22">Dong J</searchLink>; Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ma+Y%22">Ma Y</searchLink>; Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Liu+D%22">Liu D</searchLink>; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhang+X%22">Zhang X</searchLink>; Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhao+L%22">Zhao L</searchLink>; Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China. – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101560960%22">Frontiers in immunology</searchLink> [Front Immunol] 2026 Sep 18; Vol. 17, pp. 1941235. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Sep 18 (<i>Print Publication: </i>2026). – Name: TypePub Label: Publication Type Group: TypPub Data: Journal Article; Review – Name: Language Label: Language Group: Lang Data: English – Name: TitleSource Label: Journal Info Group: Src Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Frontiers+Research+Foundation]%22">Frontiers Research Foundation] </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>Switzerland <i>NLM ID: </i>101560960 <i>Publication Model: </i>eCollection <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1664-3224 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2216643224%22">16643224 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Front Immunol <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE – Name: PublisherInfo Label: Imprint Name(s) Group: PubInfo Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: [Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation] – Name: SubjectMESH Label: MeSH Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Neoplasms%22">Neoplasms*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Neoplasms+immunology%22">immunology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Neoplasms%22">Neoplasms*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Neoplasms+therapy%22">therapy</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Neoplasms%22">Neoplasms*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Neoplasms+metabolism%22">metabolism</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cancer+Vaccines%22">Cancer Vaccines*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cancer+Vaccines+immunology%22">immunology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cancer+Vaccines%22">Cancer Vaccines*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cancer+Vaccines+therapeutic+use%22">therapeutic use</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Immunity%2C+Innate%22">Immunity, Innate*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Tumor+Microenvironment%22">Tumor Microenvironment</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Tumor+Microenvironment+immunology%22">immunology</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Immunotherapy%22">Immunotherapy</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Immunotherapy+methods%22">methods</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Animals%22">Animals</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Innate+Immunity+Recognition%22">Innate Immunity Recognition</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Vaccination%22">Vaccination</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Translational+Research%2C+Biomedical%22">Translational Research, Biomedical</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Cancer evolves within tissue ecosystems in which innate immune surveillance and tumor-promoting inflammation jointly shape disease progression and therapeutic response. Innate receptors detect cellular stress, altered-self ligands, damaged-cell products and tumor-derived nucleic acids, thereby initiating cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, antigen presentation and adaptive immune priming. However, tumors can redirect these mechanisms through suppressive cytokines, metabolic competition, hypoxia and dysregulated chemokine networks, promoting immune exclusion, metastasis and treatment resistance. This Review examines innate recognition, immunoediting and innate-adaptive crosstalk. We discuss the heterogeneity, dysfunction and therapeutic targeting of dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, neutrophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, innate lymphoid cells and other tissue-resident populations. We also evaluate Toll-like receptor, cGAS-STING, RIG-I-MAVS, inflammasome and complement pathways as therapeutically actionable but potentially tumor-promoting signaling systems. Finally, we consider how innate adjuvants, antigen selection, delivery technologies and rational combinations can improve therapeutic cancer vaccines. Emerging clinical studies demonstrate feasibility, but inconsistent efficacy and treatment-associated toxicity emphasize the need for biomarker-guided patient selection, spatially restricted delivery and mechanism-based sequencing. Clinical translation will depend on biomarker-guided patient selection, localized delivery and treatment sequencing that preserves antimicrobial defense and tissue homeostasis.<br /> (Copyright © 2026 Li, Meng, Dong, Ma, Liu, Zhang and Zhao.) – Name: Abstract Label: Competing Interests Group: Ab Data: The author(s) declared that this work was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. – Name: Ref Label: References Group: RefInfo Data: Nat Med. 2023 Nov;29(11):2844-2853. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237872225%22">37872225)</searchLink><br />Nature. 2018 Feb 22;554(7693):544-548. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229443960%22">29443960)</searchLink><br />Nature. 2019 May;569(7754):73-78. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230996346%22">30996346)</searchLink><br />Nature. 2025 May;641(8061):202-210. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240140567%22">40140567)</searchLink><br />Science. 2024 Jan 12;383(6679):190-200. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238207022%22">38207022)</searchLink><br />Cancer Cell. 2025 Sep 8;43(9):1622-1636.e7. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240614736%22">40614736)</searchLink><br />Nat Med. 2024 Mar;30(3):772-784. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238238616%22">38238616)</searchLink><br />Nat Immunol. 2025 Apr;26(4):582-594. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240119192%22">40119192)</searchLink><br />J Clin Invest. 2020 May 1;130(5):2570-2586. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232017708%22">32017708)</searchLink><br />Nature. 2023 Nov;623(7989):1053-1061. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237844613%22">37844613)</searchLink><br />Cancer Cell. 2023 Feb 13;41(2):356-372.e10. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236706760%22">36706760)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2022 Apr 1;13(1):1742. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235365629%22">35365629)</searchLink><br />Cell Rep Med. 2024 May 21;5(5):101516. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238626769%22">38626769)</searchLink><br />Nat Med. 2022 Aug;28(8):1630-1639. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235864254%22">35864254)</searchLink><br />Nat Med. 2025 Jul;31(7):2405-2415. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240563015%22">40563015)</searchLink><br />Nat Cancer. 2020 Dec;1(12):1204-1217. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235121932%22">35121932)</searchLink><br />J Exp Med. 2025 Jan 6;222(1):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239601781%22">39601781)</searchLink><br />Cancer Cell. 2024 Feb 12;42(2):253-265.e12. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238181798%22">38181798)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2024 Jan 24;15(1):682. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238267413%22">38267413)</searchLink><br />Nat Med. 2025 Nov;31(11):3648-3653. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240790272%22">40790272)</searchLink><br />Nat Med. 2019 May;25(5):814-824. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230962585%22">30962585)</searchLink><br />Lancet Oncol. 2018 May;19(5):694-704. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229628312%22">29628312)</searchLink><br />Sci Immunol. 2020 Feb 21;5(44):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232086381%22">32086381)</searchLink><br />Liver Cancer. 2023 Sep 30;13(3):248-264. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238756145%22">38756145)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2021 May 5;12(1):2538. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233953160%22">33953160)</searchLink><br />J Clin Invest. 2023 Apr 17;133(8):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236821387%22">36821387)</searchLink><br />Clin Cancer Res. 2023 Jan 4;29(1):110-121. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236282874%22">36282874)</searchLink><br />Sci Immunol. 2021 May 7;6(59):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233963060%22">33963060)</searchLink><br />Cell Rep Med. 2024 Feb 20;5(2):101380. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238242120%22">38242120)</searchLink><br />Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Dec 26;120(52):e2313693120. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238117852%22">38117852)</searchLink><br />Sci Adv. 2021 Sep 10;7(37):eabj2101. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234516771%22">34516771)</searchLink><br />Immunity. 2018 Oct 16;49(4):754-763.e4. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230332631%22">30332631)</searchLink><br />Clin Cancer Res. 2017 Sep 1;23(17):5187-5201. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228698201%22">28698201)</searchLink><br />Cell Stem Cell. 2024 Jun 6;31(6):803-817.e6. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238663406%22">38663406)</searchLink><br />Cell Mol Immunol. 2021 Feb;18(2):427-439. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232939032%22">32939032)</searchLink><br />Science. 2024 Jan 12;383(6679):eadf6493. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238207030%22">38207030)</searchLink><br />N Engl J Med. 2018 Nov 01;379(18):1711-1721. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230380386%22">30380386)</searchLink><br />Science. 2016 May 20;352(6288):aad3018. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227199435%22">27199435)</searchLink><br />Cell. 2018 Dec 13;175(7):1731-1743.e13. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230503213%22">30503213)</searchLink><br />Sci Adv. 2021 May 26;7(22):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234039594%22">34039594)</searchLink><br />J Exp Med. 2021 Apr 5;218(4):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233566112%22">33566112)</searchLink><br />Nature. 2020 Jul;583(7817):609-614. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232581358%22">32581358)</searchLink><br />Science. 2018 Mar 30;359(6383):1537-1542. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229599246%22">29599246)</searchLink><br />ACS Nano. 2024 May 7;18(18):11631-11643. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238652829%22">38652829)</searchLink><br />Clin Cancer Res. 2023 Apr 3;29(7):1209-1219. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236378549%22">36378549)</searchLink><br />Nat Cancer. 2025 Apr;6(4):682-701. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240155713%22">40155713)</searchLink><br />Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Mar;12(11):e2411307. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239799561%22">39799561)</searchLink><br />Nat Biotechnol. 2025 Aug;43(8):1360-1372. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239394480%22">39394480)</searchLink><br />J Immunol. 2012 Nov 1;189(9):4674-83. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223028051%22">23028051)</searchLink><br />Cell. 2021 Feb 4;184(3):792-809.e23. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233545035%22">33545035)</searchLink><br />Nature. 2023 Apr;616(7958):806-813. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236991128%22">36991128)</searchLink><br />Lancet Oncol. 2016 May;17(5):651-62. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227055731%22">27055731)</searchLink><br />Nat Immunol. 2015 Jun;16(6):609-17. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225915731%22">25915731)</searchLink><br />Cell. 2023 Mar 30;186(7):1448-1464.e20. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237001504%22">37001504)</searchLink><br />Nat Immunol. 2022 Jun;23(6):904-915. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235618834%22">35618834)</searchLink><br />Nat Med. 2025 Jun;31(6):1987-1993. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240186077%22">40186077)</searchLink><br />Gut. 2023 May;72(5):958-971. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235688610%22">35688610)</searchLink><br />Cancer Cell. 2025 Mar 10;43(3):413-427.e9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239919736%22">39919736)</searchLink><br />Nature. 2020 Mar;579(7797):130-135. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232076273%22">32076273)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2026 Mar 18;17(1):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2241851087%22">41851087)</searchLink><br />Nature. 2022 Jun;606(7913):389-395. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235589842%22">35589842)</searchLink><br />Blood. 2022 Mar 17;139(11):1670-1683. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234871371%22">34871371)</searchLink><br />Nat Biotechnol. 2023 Sep;41(9):1296-1306. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236635380%22">36635380)</searchLink><br />Mol Immunol. 2019 Oct;114:341-352. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231446305%22">31446305)</searchLink><br />Cancer. 2019 Dec 1;125(23):4172-4180. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231483485%22">31483485)</searchLink><br />Cell. 2022 Mar 31;185(7):1189-1207.e25. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235325594%22">35325594)</searchLink><br />Nat Med. 2025 Apr;31(4):1171-1182. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239920391%22">39920391)</searchLink><br />Sci Immunol. 2019 Sep 13;4(39):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231519811%22">31519811)</searchLink><br />Cancer Res. 2010 Jan 1;70(1):99-108. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219996287%22">19996287)</searchLink><br />Nature. 2016 Jun 01;534(7607):396-401. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227281205%22">27281205)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2021 Jan 12;12(1):346. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233436641%22">33436641)</searchLink><br />Nature. 2019 Jan;565(7738):186-191. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230626941%22">30626941)</searchLink><br />Cell. 2020 Oct 29;183(3):818-834.e13. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233038342%22">33038342)</searchLink><br />ACS Nano. 2023 Aug 22;17(16):15542-15555. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237577982%22">37577982)</searchLink><br />Immunity. 2022 Nov 8;55(11):2044-2058.e5. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236288724%22">36288724)</searchLink><br />Cell. 2021 Sep 2;184(18):4734-4752.e20. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234450029%22">34450029)</searchLink><br />Nature. 2025 Nov;647(8089):488-497. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2241125896%22">41125896)</searchLink><br />Nat Cancer. 2024 Feb;5(2):240-261. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237996514%22">37996514)</searchLink><br />Cell. 2018 Feb 8;172(4):825-840.e18. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229336888%22">29336888)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2025 Jul 1;16(1):5707. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240592930%22">40592930)</searchLink><br />Sci Rep. 2017 Nov 13;7(1):15424. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229133913%22">29133913)</searchLink><br />Cell Rep Med. 2024 Jan 16;5(1):101377. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238232703%22">38232703)</searchLink><br />Immunity. 2024 May 14;57(5):1105-1123.e8. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238703775%22">38703775)</searchLink><br />Nature. 2020 Aug;584(7822):624-629. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232788723%22">32788723)</searchLink><br />J Exp Med. 2011 Sep 26;208(10):1949-62. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221930770%22">21930770)</searchLink><br />J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2024 Dec 5;43(1):318. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239639338%22">39639338)</searchLink><br />Cell. 2023 Sep 14;186(19):4235-4251.e20. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237607536%22">37607536)</searchLink><br />Nat Cancer. 2025 Nov;6(11):1880-1898. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240854985%22">40854985)</searchLink><br />Sci Immunol. 2024 Jul 26;9(97):eadk3981. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239058763%22">39058763)</searchLink><br />Nat Immunol. 2008 Nov;9(11):1225-35. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2218820683%22">18820683)</searchLink><br />EBioMedicine. 2019 Mar;41:146-155. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230852164%22">30852164)</searchLink><br />J Clin Oncol. 2025 May 20;43(15):1800-1809. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240048691%22">40048691)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2021 Dec 15;12(1):7300. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234911937%22">34911937)</searchLink><br />Lancet. 2024 Feb 17;403(10427):632-644. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238246194%22">38246194)</searchLink><br />Science. 2023 Aug 4;381(6657):515-524. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237535729%22">37535729)</searchLink><br />J Immunother Cancer. 2020 Mar;8(1):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232188702%22">32188702)</searchLink><br />Nature. 2025 Feb;638(8052):1076-1084. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239814891%22">39814891)</searchLink><br />Sci Adv. 2023 Jun 30;9(26):eadg3736. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237390211%22">37390211)</searchLink><br />Sci Transl Med. 2023 Jan 25;15(680):eabn6758. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236696484%22">36696484)</searchLink><br />Clin Cancer Res. 2017 Jun 15;23(12):2942-2950. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227965309%22">27965309)</searchLink><br />Cancer Immunol Res. 2019 Jul;7(7):1091-1105. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231164356%22">31164356)</searchLink><br />Cell Rep Med. 2023 Dec 19;4(12):101307. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238056464%22">38056464)</searchLink><br />Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2013 May;62(5):909-18. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223589106%22">23589106)</searchLink><br />Nature. 2025 Mar;639(8056):1042-1051. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239972124%22">39972124)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2022 Jun 27;13(1):3676. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235760796%22">35760796)</searchLink><br />Science. 2020 Feb 7;367(6478):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231919129%22">31919129)</searchLink><br />Cell Mol Immunol. 2025 Feb;22(2):150-160. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239741195%22">39741195)</searchLink><br />Lancet. 2019 Aug 10;394(10197):478-487. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231229240%22">31229240)</searchLink><br />Lancet Oncol. 2021 Dec;22(12):1740-1751. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234793719%22">34793719)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2022 Nov 4;13(1):6623. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236333297%22">36333297)</searchLink><br />Cancer Cell. 2023 Apr 10;41(4):757-775.e10. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237037615%22">37037615)</searchLink><br />Nat Cancer. 2024 Jul;5(7):1063-1081. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238609488%22">38609488)</searchLink><br />Cancer Cell. 2020 Jun 8;37(6):786-799.e5. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232516589%22">32516589)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2021 May 11;12(1):2626. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233976179%22">33976179)</searchLink><br />Sci Immunol. 2025 Jun 6;10(108):eads1328. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240478935%22">40478935)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2025 Jul 2;16(1):6074. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240603850%22">40603850)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2022 Nov 7;13(1):6539. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236344500%22">36344500)</searchLink><br />J Clin Oncol. 2019 May 1;37(13):1051-1061. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230817251%22">30817251)</searchLink><br />Nat Med. 2023 Jun;29(6):1379-1388. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237188782%22">37188782)</searchLink><br />Immunity. 2020 Aug 18;53(2):335-352.e8. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232610077%22">32610077)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2017 Aug 16;8(1):269. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228814715%22">28814715)</searchLink><br />Nat Cancer. 2020 May;1(5):507-517. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233458695%22">33458695)</searchLink><br />NEJM Evid. 2023 Jan;2(1):EVIDoa2200167. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238320011%22">38320011)</searchLink><br />J Clin Oncol. 2024 Jan 10;42(2):192-204. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238039427%22">38039427)</searchLink><br />Nat Immunol. 2018 Jul;19(7):723-732. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229915296%22">29915296)</searchLink><br />Br J Cancer. 2024 Jul;131(1):63-76. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238750114%22">38750114)</searchLink><br />Nature. 2026 Jun;654(8118):485-494. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2241986715%22">41986715)</searchLink><br />Immunity. 2021 Aug 10;54(8):1772-1787.e9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234289378%22">34289378)</searchLink><br />Nat Med. 2014 Jun;20(6):676-81. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224859530%22">24859530)</searchLink><br />Nat Cell Biol. 2019 Feb;21(2):190-202. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230598531%22">30598531)</searchLink><br />Cell. 2019 Apr 18;177(3):556-571.e16. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230955881%22">30955881)</searchLink><br />Immunity. 2014 Nov 20;41(5):830-42. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225517615%22">25517615)</searchLink><br />Cancer Cell. 2024 Dec 9;42(12):2015-2031.e11. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239577420%22">39577420)</searchLink><br />Cell Rep. 2024 Nov 26;43(11):114875. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239446585%22">39446585)</searchLink><br />Science. 2025 Jan 17;387(6731):eabm5214. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239818911%22">39818911)</searchLink><br />Ann Oncol. 2026 Jul;37(7):999-1010. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2242025759%22">42025759)</searchLink><br />Cancer Cell. 2023 Nov 13;41(11):1892-1910.e10. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237863068%22">37863068)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2022 Feb 2;13(1):626. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235110548%22">35110548)</searchLink><br />Nature. 2019 Aug;572(7768):254-259. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231316209%22">31316209)</searchLink><br />Nat Biomed Eng. 2024 May;8(5):579-592. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238424352%22">38424352)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2023 Jun 20;14(1):3650. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237339979%22">37339979)</searchLink><br />Science. 2013 Feb 15;339(6121):786-91. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223258413%22">23258413)</searchLink><br />J Immunol. 2016 Mar 1;196(5):2167-80. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226810222%22">26810222)</searchLink><br />Sci Transl Med. 2014 May 21;6(237):237ra67. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224848257%22">24848257)</searchLink><br />Sci Transl Med. 2022 Feb 23;14(633):eabm1375. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235196021%22">35196021)</searchLink><br />Cell Rep Med. 2023 Mar 21;4(3):100961. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236868236%22">36868236)</searchLink><br />Immunity. 2020 May 19;52(5):856-871.e8. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232289253%22">32289253)</searchLink><br />Cancer Discov. 2021 Dec 1;11(12):2998-3007. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234326162%22">34326162)</searchLink><br />JAMA Oncol. 2023 Jan 1;9(1):112-121. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236394838%22">36394838)</searchLink><br />JAMA Oncol. 2021 Apr 01;7(4):573-584. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233480963%22">33480963)</searchLink><br />Nat Immunol. 2024 Aug;25(8):1445-1459. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238956379%22">38956379)</searchLink><br />J Immunother Cancer. 2023 Jan;11(1):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236693678%22">36693678)</searchLink><br />EBioMedicine. 2020 Aug;58:102922. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232739871%22">32739871)</searchLink><br />Sci Immunol. 2023 Feb 24;8(80):eadd5204. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236800412%22">36800412)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2025 Jul 1;16(1):6020. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240592817%22">40592817)</searchLink><br />Nat Med. 2022 Aug;28(8):1619-1629. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235970920%22">35970920)</searchLink><br />Nature. 2023 Aug;620(7976):1080-1088. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237612508%22">37612508)</searchLink><br />Nat Immunol. 2019 Mar;20(3):257-264. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230778250%22">30778250)</searchLink><br />Sci Transl Med. 2024 Oct 30;16(771):eadk1168. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239475570%22">39475570)</searchLink><br />J Exp Med. 2019 Dec 2;216(12):2854-2868. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231601678%22">31601678)</searchLink><br />ACS Nano. 2022 Feb 22;16(2):2585-2597. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235080858%22">35080858)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2025 Nov 26;16(1):11666. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2241298491%22">41298491)</searchLink><br />Sci Transl Med. 2016 Sep 21;8(357):357ra123. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227655849%22">27655849)</searchLink><br />J Exp Med. 2019 Sep 2;216(9):2113-2127. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231270246%22">31270246)</searchLink><br />J Clin Oncol. 2023 Jan 20;41(3):528-540. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235998300%22">35998300)</searchLink><br />Cancer Res. 2009 Feb 15;69(4):1553-60. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219201693%22">19201693)</searchLink><br />Lung Cancer. 2025 May;203:108516. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240174385%22">40174385)</searchLink><br />Sci Immunol. 2020 Mar 20;5(45):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232198222%22">32198222)</searchLink><br />Cell. 2023 Mar 30;186(7):1432-1447.e17. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237001503%22">37001503)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2019 Jun 21;10(1):2735. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231227713%22">31227713)</searchLink><br />Nature. 2020 Apr;580(7802):257-262. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232269339%22">32269339)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2016 Jul 06;7:12150. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227381735%22">27381735)</searchLink><br />Cell. 2024 May 23;187(11):2703-2716.e23. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238657602%22">38657602)</searchLink><br />J Exp Med. 2020 Dec 7;217(12):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232860704%22">32860704)</searchLink><br />Cell. 2024 Nov 14;187(23):6631-6648.e20. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239378878%22">39378878)</searchLink><br />Invest New Drugs. 2024 Feb;42(1):145-159. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238324085%22">38324085)</searchLink><br />Nature. 2020 Mar;579(7799):415-420. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232188940%22">32188940)</searchLink><br />Nature. 2020 Jul;583(7814):133-138. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232528174%22">32528174)</searchLink><br />Cancer Cell. 2024 Aug 12;42(8):1450-1466.e11. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239137729%22">39137729)</searchLink><br />Cancer Cell. 2024 Jan 8;42(1):70-84.e8. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238194915%22">38194915)</searchLink><br />Mol Immunol. 2003 Sep;40(2-4):109-23. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2212914817%22">12914817)</searchLink><br />Nat Med. 2020 May;26(5):688-692. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232405062%22">32405062)</searchLink><br />Cancer Cell. 2023 Jan 9;41(1):106-123.e10. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236525971%22">36525971)</searchLink><br />Science. 2020 Aug 21;369(6506):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232820094%22">32820094)</searchLink><br />Nat Cancer. 2025 May;6(5):786-800. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240251398%22">40251398)</searchLink><br />Cell. 2021 Sep 16;184(19):5015-5030.e16. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234407392%22">34407392)</searchLink><br />Cancer Discov. 2022 Jan;12(1):31-46. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235022204%22">35022204)</searchLink><br />Lancet Oncol. 2017 Oct;18(10):1373-1385. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228844499%22">28844499)</searchLink><br />Cell. 2020 Aug 20;182(4):886-900.e17. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232783918%22">32783918)</searchLink><br />Sci Immunol. 2024 Oct 4;9(100):eadq8843. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239365874%22">39365874)</searchLink><br />Nature. 2021 Jul;595(7868):578-584. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234135508%22">34135508)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2024 Jun 28;15(1):5487. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238942798%22">38942798)</searchLink><br />Oncoimmunology. 2018 Oct 11;8(1):e1505174. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230546943%22">30546943)</searchLink><br />JCI Insight. 2021 Dec 8;6(23):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234673569%22">34673569)</searchLink><br />Cell Stem Cell. 2020 Aug 6;27(2):224-237.e6. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232531207%22">32531207)</searchLink><br />Nature. 2023 Jun;618(7963):144-150. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237165196%22">37165196)</searchLink><br />Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2022 Dec;71(12):2985-2998. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235596791%22">35596791)</searchLink><br />Cancer Res Commun. 2024 Apr 25;4(4):1135-1149. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238598844%22">38598844)</searchLink><br />J Clin Invest. 2017 Mar 1;127(3):780-789. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228248200%22">28248200)</searchLink><br />Cancer Cell. 2022 Sep 12;40(9):1010-1026.e11. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236027916%22">36027916)</searchLink><br />Nat Biomed Eng. 2018 Aug;2(8):578-588. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231015631%22">31015631)</searchLink><br />Cancer Cell. 2024 Nov 11;42(11):1898-1918.e12. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239486411%22">39486411)</searchLink><br />Nat Immunol. 2020 May;21(5):555-566. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232327756%22">32327756)</searchLink><br />J Immunother Cancer. 2020 Jul;8(2):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232737142%22">32737142)</searchLink><br />J Immunother Cancer. 2025 Feb 04;13(2):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239904560%22">39904560)</searchLink><br />J Control Release. 2023 May;357:620-629. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237061194%22">37061194)</searchLink><br />Cell. 2024 Feb 1;187(3):624-641.e23. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238211590%22">38211590)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2024 Jan 24;15(1):683. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238267402%22">38267402)</searchLink><br />Lancet. 2025 Jan 11;405(10473):127-136. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239798981%22">39798981)</searchLink><br />Nat Cancer. 2024 Jul;5(7):1045-1062. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238831058%22">38831058)</searchLink><br />Cancer Cell. 2022 Jun 13;40(6):624-638.e9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235623342%22">35623342)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2024 May 8;15(1):3882. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238719809%22">38719809)</searchLink><br />Mol Cancer Ther. 2020 Jul;19(7):1530-1538. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232371579%22">32371579)</searchLink><br />Nat Mater. 2022 Jun;21(6):710-720. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235606429%22">35606429)</searchLink><br />Ann Oncol. 2023 Oct;34(10):920-933. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237704166%22">37704166)</searchLink><br />Nat Cancer. 2025 Jun;6(6):988-999. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240346292%22">40346292)</searchLink><br />Nat Med. 2024 Apr;30(4):1044-1053. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238584166%22">38584166)</searchLink><br />Nat Med. 2022 Jun;28(6):1167-1177. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235662283%22">35662283)</searchLink><br />Neurooncol Adv. 2023 Jul 19;5(1):vdad088. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237554225%22">37554225)</searchLink><br />Sci Adv. 2025 Jul 11;11(28):eadu5915. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240644540%22">40644540)</searchLink><br />Cancer Cell. 2024 Aug 12;42(8):1415-1433.e12. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239029466%22">39029466)</searchLink><br />Cancer Cell. 2023 Aug 14;41(8):1498-1515.e10. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237451271%22">37451271)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2024 Feb 23;15(1):1632. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238395969%22">38395969)</searchLink><br />Cell. 2018 Feb 22;172(5):1022-1037.e14. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229429633%22">29429633)</searchLink><br />Nat Med. 2023 Jun;29(6):1389-1399. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237322116%22">37322116)</searchLink><br />Cancer Discov. 2024 Aug 2;14(8):1418-1439. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238552005%22">38552005)</searchLink><br />Clin Cancer Res. 2021 Aug 15;27(16):4574-4586. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234112709%22">34112709)</searchLink> – Name: SubjectMinor Label: Contributed Indexing Group: Data: <i>Keywords: </i>cancer immunotherapy; cancer vaccines; innate immune sensing; innate immunity; tumor microenvironment – Name: NumberCAS Label: Substance Nomenclature Group: ID Data: 0 (Cancer Vaccines) – Name: DateEntry Label: Entry Date(s) Group: Date Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20261003 <i>Date Completed: </i>20261003 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20261005 – Name: DateUpdate Label: Update Code Group: Date Data: 20261005 – Name: PubmedCentralID Label: PubMed Central ID Group: ID Data: PMC13631731 – Name: DOI Label: DOI Group: ID Data: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1941235 – Name: AN Label: PMID Group: ID Data: 42828145 |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=cmedm&AN=42828145 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1941235 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: StartPage: 1941235 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Tumor Microenvironment immunology Type: general – SubjectFull: Immunotherapy methods Type: general – SubjectFull: Humans Type: general – SubjectFull: Animals Type: general – SubjectFull: Innate Immunity Recognition Type: general – SubjectFull: Vaccination Type: general – SubjectFull: Translational Research, Biomedical Type: general – SubjectFull: Neoplasms immunology Type: general – SubjectFull: Neoplasms therapy Type: general – SubjectFull: Neoplasms metabolism Type: general – SubjectFull: Cancer Vaccines immunology Type: general – SubjectFull: Cancer Vaccines therapeutic use Type: general – SubjectFull: Immunity, Innate Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Targeting innate immunity in cancer: mechanistic foundations, therapeutic vaccination, and clinical translation. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Li X – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Meng Y – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Dong J – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ma Y – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Liu D – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zhang X – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zhao L IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 18 M: 09 Text: 2026 Sep 18 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-electronic Value: 1664-3224 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 17 Titles: – TitleFull: Frontiers in immunology Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |