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Genome-wide association studies reveal genomic regions for kernel-related traits in durum wheat.

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Title: Genome-wide association studies reveal genomic regions for kernel-related traits in durum wheat.
Authors: Achilli AL; Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. ana.achilli@usask.ca.; Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CERZOS-CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. ana.achilli@usask.ca.; Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. ana.achilli@usask.ca., Roncallo PF; Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CERZOS-CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina., Rodrigo JM; Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CERZOS-CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina., Pozniak CJ; Crop Development Centre and Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada., Echenique VC; Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CERZOS-CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina. echeniq@cerzos-conicet.gob.ar.
Source: TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik [Theor Appl Genet] 2026 Oct 01; Vol. 139 (10). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Oct 01.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 0145600 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-2242 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00405752 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Theor Appl Genet Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Berlin, New York, Springer
MeSH Terms: Triticum*/genetics , Seeds*/genetics , Genome-Wide Association Study* , Genome, Plant*, Chromosomes, Plant/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Phenotype ; Chromosome Mapping ; Genotype ; Genetic Markers ; Quantitative Trait Loci ; Genetic Association Studies ; Linkage Disequilibrium
Abstract: Kernel size and shape-related traits affect grain yield and semolina milling potential, both of which are important targets of durum wheat improvement programs. However, the genetic basis of these traits in durum wheat are largely unknown. In this study, we examined the genetic bases of kernel size and shape-related traits in a diverse panel of 170 genotypes, comprised mostly of Argentinian cultivars. Genotypes were characterized phenotypically in four field experiments in Argentina and genotypically using the 35K Axiom Wheat Breeder SNP Array. High phenotypic variability and heritability values were observed for all studied traits. Thousand kernel weight showed strong correlations with kernel area and factor form density, followed by kernel width, length and perimeter. Using genome-wide association mapping, a total of 80 marker-trait associations (MTAs) were identified over the FDR threshold (P < 0.00001). Of them, 23 MTAs were identified for best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) across the four environments or at least in two single environments, and ten SNPs located on 1B, 2A, 2B, 3B, 6A, and 7A chromosomes were identified by multiple mapping methods. Three of these SNPs, located on chromosome 2A, were selected as particularly interesting since they were identified by all three mapping methods tested. Two haplotype blocks (of 24.2 and 16.6 Mb) contain the SNPs of chromosome 2A, and both were strongly associated with most kernel traits. These haplotypes were not linked to Ppd-A1 gene and thus represent promising targets for further validation and implementation in molecular assisted breeding to improve kernel related traits in durum wheat.
(© 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Grant Information: PICT 2015 - 1401 Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Genetic Markers)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20261001 Date Completed: 20261001 Latest Revision: 20261023
Update Code: 20261023
DOI: 10.1007/s00122-026-05379-3
PMID: 42820948
Database: MEDLINE
Description
ISSN:1432-2242
DOI:10.1007/s00122-026-05379-3