Subsurface split manure application increased soil organic carbon accumulation and stability by enhancing aggregation and recalcitrant carbon fractions with depth-dependent mechanisms.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος:	Subsurface split manure application increased soil organic carbon accumulation and stability by enhancing aggregation and recalcitrant carbon fractions with depth-dependent mechanisms.
Συγγραφείς:	Li H; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China, The Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China., Shang Y; Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, 8830, Denmark., Gao J; Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou, 253050, PR China., Zhang H; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China, The Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China., Zhang X; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010011, PR China., Wei H; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China, The Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China., Wang S; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China, The Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China; Department of Ecology of Agroecosystems, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany., Guo J; Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou, 253050, PR China., Su Y; Département D'Informatique, École Normale Supérieure - PSL, 45 Rue D'Ulm, Paris, 75005, France., Wu L; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China, The Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China., Wang J; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China, The Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China., Li Y; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China, The Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China. Electronic address: liyuyi@caas.cn.
Πηγή:	Journal of environmental management [J Environ Manage] 2026 Oct 01; Vol. 418, pp. 131015. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 26.
Τύπος έκδοσης:	Journal Article
Γλώσσα:	English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού:	Publisher: Academic Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0401664 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-8630 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03014797 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Environ Manage Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):	Original Publication: London ; New York, Academic Press.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH):	Soil/chemistry , Carbon/chemistry , Manure*, China ; Agriculture ; Carbon Sequestration
Περίληψη:	Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) is crucial for soil quality and fertility. Subsurface manure application has been identified as an important strategy to improve soil properties and enhance SOC sequestration. However, how do SOC accumulation and stabilization response to manure application frequency remain unclear. To solve this knowledge gap, we comprehensively explored the underlying mechanisms of multiple SOC fractions in response to subsurface manure application, based on a two-year field experiment in the North China Plain subjected to three treatments, including a control without manure application (T0); single application of manure every two years (T1); split applications of manure (once a year) with the same total amount (T2). Across 0-40 cm, compared to T0, T1 and T2 increased SOC by 23-28%, particulate organic carbon (POC) by 57-118%, and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) by 7-16%, with greater increases by T2 in topsoil (0-20 cm). Compared with T0, T2 increased SOC in macroaggregates and increased the mean weight diameter (MWD). Moreover, T2 increased the chemical stability of SOC by enriching recalcitrant organic C content (aromatic-C, aliphatic-C, and phenol-C) and reducing labile organic C content (carboxyl/amidogen-C and polysaccharide-C) in soil aggregates of all sizes. Compared with topsoil, subsoil exhibited greater increases in POC, aggregate stability, and chemical recalcitrance, indicating depth-dependent responses to subsurface manure application. Moreover, chemical recalcitrance exhibited the strongest direct positive effect on SOC content in both soil layers. Overall, these findings reveal that subsurface manure application has the potential to enhance stable SOC accumulation via synergistic physical and chemical stabilization pathways, with a better performance of split manure application, aiding SOC sequestration and soil fertility improvement. (Copyright © 2026. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Competing Interests:	Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing:	Keywords: Fertilization frequency; Mineral-associated organic carbon; Organic functional group; Particulate organic carbon; Soil aggregates; Subsurface manure application
Substance Nomenclature:	0 (Manure) 0 (Soil) 7440-44-0 (Carbon)
Entry Date(s):	Date Created: 20260926 Date Completed: 20261013 Latest Revision: 20261013
Update Code:	20261014
DOI:	10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.131015
PMID:	42800270
Βάση Δεδομένων:	MEDLINE

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