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Genomic characterization of a mobile-element-associated resistance island in trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates sharing the same PFGE genotype.

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Title: Genomic characterization of a mobile-element-associated resistance island in trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates sharing the same PFGE genotype.
Authors: Altan G; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Türkiye., Rakıcı E; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Türkiye., Dündar D; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Türkiye., Özgümüş OB; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Türkiye.
Source: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology [Front Cell Infect Microbiol] 2026 Sep 11; Vol. 16, pp. 1926102. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 11 (Print Publication: 2026).
Publication Type: Journal Article
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: Frontiers Media SA Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101585359 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2235-2988 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22352988 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Cell Infect Microbiol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Lausanne : Frontiers Media SA
MeSH Terms: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia*/genetics , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia*/drug effects , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia*/isolation & purification , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia*/classification , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination*/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial*/genetics , Interspersed Repetitive Sequences* , Genomic Islands*, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; Levofloxacin/pharmacology ; Minocycline/pharmacology ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Genotype ; Whole Genome Sequencing ; Genome, Bacterial
Abstract: Background: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen with intrinsic multidrug resistance and limited therapeutic options. This study integrated phenotypic susceptibility testing, targeted molecular screening, PFGE and short-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to characterize resistance determinants and their local genomic context in clinical-culture isolates.
Methods: Thirty-four non-duplicate clinical-culture isolates were analyzed. Susceptibility to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), levofloxacin and minocycline was determined by disk diffusion. Minocycline testing was repeated with acceptable quality control, and the repeat-run zone records were reassessed using current CLSI breakpoints. A predefined, hypothesis-driven PCR panel was used to screen selected resistance-, efflux- and biofilm-associated targets, and gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE were sequenced. Genetic relatedness was assessed by XbaI-PFGE. Three selected isolates (S05, S08 and S25) underwent WGS as a targeted genomic-context analysis rather than a whole-collection population-genomic study.
Results: Resistance rates were 5.9% for TMP-SMX, 8.8% for levofloxacin and 11.8% for minocycline after reassessment using current CLSI minocycline breakpoints. Smqnr- and sul1-target PCR positivity was observed in 61.8% and 8.8% of isolates, respectively. A dfrA27-target PCR amplicon was observed in 82.4% of isolates but was not associated with TMP-SMX resistance and was not confirmed in the three sequenced genomes. No QRDR hotspot mutations were identified. The two TMP-SMX-resistant isolates, S05 and S08, shared the same PFGE genotype. Short-read WGS identified an identical 19,361-bp mobile-element-associated resistance region in these isolates, containing a putative Sul-family/folP-like dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) annotation, two assembly-predicted hits each of blaOXA-2 and ant(3''), multiple insertion sequences and a mercury-resistance module; the region was absent from S25.
Conclusions: The identical resistance region in two TMP-SMX-resistant isolates sharing the same PFGE genotype is compatible with shared ancestry, vertical inheritance or persistence of an island-carrying PFGE-defined genotype; horizontal transfer was not demonstrated. The discordance between dfrA27-target PCR positivity, phenotype and WGS highlights the need to interpret molecular screening together with phenotypic susceptibility and orthogonal confirmation. The WGS component provides a local genomic-context characterization rather than evidence of cross-genotype dissemination.
(Copyright © 2026 Altan, Rakıcı, Dündar and Özgümüş.)
Competing Interests: The author(s) declared that this work was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
References: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002 Mar;46(3):665-71. (PMID: 11850246)
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2011 Mar;37(3):230-4. (PMID: 21296557)
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Nov;50(11):3953-5. (PMID: 16954321)
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995 Jan;39(1):185-91. (PMID: 7695304)
BMC Microbiol. 2011 Jul 05;11:159. (PMID: 21729271)
PLoS One. 2014 Oct 06;9(10):e108409. (PMID: 25285537)
Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 May 05;10:1163439. (PMID: 37215718)
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007 Aug;60(2):394-7. (PMID: 17561500)
Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 May 11;21(9):2260. (PMID: 8502576)
PLoS One. 2016 Jun 16;11(6):e0157693. (PMID: 27310255)
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 May 13;12(5):5177-95. (PMID: 25985315)
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001 Sep;45(9):2658-61. (PMID: 11502548)
Jpn J Infect Dis. 2009 Sep;62(5):372-7. (PMID: 19762987)
Int J Med Microbiol. 2011 Jan;301(1):34-43. (PMID: 20952251)
J Med Microbiol. 2014 Nov;63(Pt 11):1524-1530. (PMID: 25165124)
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2019 Nov;17(11):877-893. (PMID: 31658838)
Biomed Res Int. 2019 Jun 27;2019:3917841. (PMID: 31346516)
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Jan;54(1):580-1. (PMID: 19841154)
Biology (Basel). 2022 Jul 12;11(7):. (PMID: 36101423)
Microb Drug Resist. 2002 Winter;8(4):245-51. (PMID: 12523620)
Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Apr;13(4):559-65. (PMID: 17553270)
Methods Mol Biol. 2019;1962:227-245. (PMID: 31020564)
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Aug;50(8):2872-4. (PMID: 16870791)
Ann Lab Med. 2015 Mar;35(2):246-9. (PMID: 25729729)
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2018 May 1;73(5):1263-1266. (PMID: 29462315)
J Comput Biol. 2012 May;19(5):455-77. (PMID: 22506599)
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2025 Apr 02;69(4):e0012425. (PMID: 40047426)
Nucleic Acids Res. 2020 Jan 8;48(D1):D561-D569. (PMID: 31722416)
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Oct;52(10):3823-5. (PMID: 18644963)
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005 May;49(5):1823-9. (PMID: 15855502)
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Feb;53(2):639-45. (PMID: 19064896)
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014 Aug;5(4):193-8. (PMID: 25379369)
Curr Res Microb Sci. 2026 May 21;10:100609. (PMID: 42232807)
Clin Infect Dis. 2024 Aug 07;:. (PMID: 39108079)
J Clin Microbiol. 1995 Sep;33(9):2233-9. (PMID: 7494007)
Bioinformatics. 2014 Jul 15;30(14):2068-9. (PMID: 24642063)
Mikrobiyol Bul. 2014 Apr;48(2):201-12. (PMID: 24819258)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; antimicrobial resistance; mobile genetic elements; molecular epidemiology; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; resistance island; whole-genome sequencing
Substance Nomenclature: 8064-90-2 (Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination)
0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
6GNT3Y5LMF (Levofloxacin)
FYY3R43WGO (Minocycline)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260926 Date Completed: 20260926 Latest Revision: 20260927
Update Code: 20260927
PubMed Central ID: PMC13612193
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1926102
PMID: 42798368
Database: MEDLINE
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Genomic characterization of a mobile-element-associated resistance island in trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates sharing the same PFGE genotype.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Altan+G%22">Altan G</searchLink>; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Türkiye.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rakıcı+E%22">Rakıcı E</searchLink>; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Türkiye.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dündar+D%22">Dündar D</searchLink>; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Türkiye.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Özgümüş+OB%22">Özgümüş OB</searchLink>; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Türkiye.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101585359%22">Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology</searchLink> [Front Cell Infect Microbiol] 2026 Sep 11; Vol. 16, pp. 1926102. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Sep 11 (<i>Print Publication: </i>2026).
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Frontiers+Media+SA%22">Frontiers Media SA </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>Switzerland <i>NLM ID: </i>101585359 <i>Publication Model: </i>eCollection <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>2235-2988 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2222352988%22">22352988 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Front Cell Infect Microbiol <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: Lausanne : Frontiers Media SA
– Name: SubjectMESH
  Label: MeSH Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Stenotrophomonas+maltophilia%22">Stenotrophomonas maltophilia*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Stenotrophomonas+maltophilia+genetics%22">genetics</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Stenotrophomonas+maltophilia%22">Stenotrophomonas maltophilia*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Stenotrophomonas+maltophilia+drug+effects%22">drug effects</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Stenotrophomonas+maltophilia%22">Stenotrophomonas maltophilia*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Stenotrophomonas+maltophilia+isolation+%26+purification%22">isolation & purification</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Stenotrophomonas+maltophilia%22">Stenotrophomonas maltophilia*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Stenotrophomonas+maltophilia+classification%22">classification</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Trimethoprim%2C+Sulfamethoxazole+Drug+Combination%22">Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Trimethoprim%2C+Sulfamethoxazole+Drug+Combination+pharmacology%22">pharmacology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Anti-Bacterial+Agents%22">Anti-Bacterial Agents*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Anti-Bacterial+Agents+pharmacology%22">pharmacology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Drug+Resistance%2C+Multiple%2C+Bacterial%22">Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Drug+Resistance%2C+Multiple%2C+Bacterial+genetics%22">genetics</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Interspersed+Repetitive+Sequences%22">Interspersed Repetitive Sequences*</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Genomic+Islands%22">Genomic Islands*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Gram-Negative+Bacterial+Infections%22">Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Gram-Negative+Bacterial+Infections+microbiology%22">microbiology</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Levofloxacin%22">Levofloxacin</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Levofloxacin+pharmacology%22">pharmacology</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Minocycline%22">Minocycline</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Minocycline+pharmacology%22">pharmacology</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Microbial+Sensitivity+Tests%22">Microbial Sensitivity Tests</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Electrophoresis%2C+Gel%2C+Pulsed-Field%22">Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Genotype%22">Genotype</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Whole+Genome+Sequencing%22">Whole Genome Sequencing</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Genome%2C+Bacterial%22">Genome, Bacterial</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen with intrinsic multidrug resistance and limited therapeutic options. This study integrated phenotypic susceptibility testing, targeted molecular screening, PFGE and short-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to characterize resistance determinants and their local genomic context in clinical-culture isolates.<br />Methods: Thirty-four non-duplicate clinical-culture isolates were analyzed. Susceptibility to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), levofloxacin and minocycline was determined by disk diffusion. Minocycline testing was repeated with acceptable quality control, and the repeat-run zone records were reassessed using current CLSI breakpoints. A predefined, hypothesis-driven PCR panel was used to screen selected resistance-, efflux- and biofilm-associated targets, and gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE were sequenced. Genetic relatedness was assessed by XbaI-PFGE. Three selected isolates (S05, S08 and S25) underwent WGS as a targeted genomic-context analysis rather than a whole-collection population-genomic study.<br />Results: Resistance rates were 5.9% for TMP-SMX, 8.8% for levofloxacin and 11.8% for minocycline after reassessment using current CLSI minocycline breakpoints. Smqnr- and sul1-target PCR positivity was observed in 61.8% and 8.8% of isolates, respectively. A dfrA27-target PCR amplicon was observed in 82.4% of isolates but was not associated with TMP-SMX resistance and was not confirmed in the three sequenced genomes. No QRDR hotspot mutations were identified. The two TMP-SMX-resistant isolates, S05 and S08, shared the same PFGE genotype. Short-read WGS identified an identical 19,361-bp mobile-element-associated resistance region in these isolates, containing a putative Sul-family/folP-like dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) annotation, two assembly-predicted hits each of bla<subscript>OXA-2</subscript> and ant(3''), multiple insertion sequences and a mercury-resistance module; the region was absent from S25.<br />Conclusions: The identical resistance region in two TMP-SMX-resistant isolates sharing the same PFGE genotype is compatible with shared ancestry, vertical inheritance or persistence of an island-carrying PFGE-defined genotype; horizontal transfer was not demonstrated. The discordance between dfrA27-target PCR positivity, phenotype and WGS highlights the need to interpret molecular screening together with phenotypic susceptibility and orthogonal confirmation. The WGS component provides a local genomic-context characterization rather than evidence of cross-genotype dissemination.<br /> (Copyright © 2026 Altan, Rakıcı, Dündar and Özgümüş.)
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: The author(s) declared that this work was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
  Data: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002 Mar;46(3):665-71. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2211850246%22">11850246)</searchLink><br />Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2011 Mar;37(3):230-4. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221296557%22">21296557)</searchLink><br />Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Nov;50(11):3953-5. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2216954321%22">16954321)</searchLink><br />Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995 Jan;39(1):185-91. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%227695304%22">7695304)</searchLink><br />BMC Microbiol. 2011 Jul 05;11:159. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221729271%22">21729271)</searchLink><br />PLoS One. 2014 Oct 06;9(10):e108409. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225285537%22">25285537)</searchLink><br />Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 May 05;10:1163439. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237215718%22">37215718)</searchLink><br />J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007 Aug;60(2):394-7. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2217561500%22">17561500)</searchLink><br />Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 May 11;21(9):2260. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%228502576%22">8502576)</searchLink><br />PLoS One. 2016 Jun 16;11(6):e0157693. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227310255%22">27310255)</searchLink><br />Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 May 13;12(5):5177-95. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225985315%22">25985315)</searchLink><br />Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001 Sep;45(9):2658-61. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2211502548%22">11502548)</searchLink><br />Jpn J Infect Dis. 2009 Sep;62(5):372-7. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219762987%22">19762987)</searchLink><br />Int J Med Microbiol. 2011 Jan;301(1):34-43. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2220952251%22">20952251)</searchLink><br />J Med Microbiol. 2014 Nov;63(Pt 11):1524-1530. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225165124%22">25165124)</searchLink><br />Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2019 Nov;17(11):877-893. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231658838%22">31658838)</searchLink><br />Biomed Res Int. 2019 Jun 27;2019:3917841. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231346516%22">31346516)</searchLink><br />Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Jan;54(1):580-1. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219841154%22">19841154)</searchLink><br />Biology (Basel). 2022 Jul 12;11(7):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236101423%22">36101423)</searchLink><br />Microb Drug Resist. 2002 Winter;8(4):245-51. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2212523620%22">12523620)</searchLink><br />Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Apr;13(4):559-65. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2217553270%22">17553270)</searchLink><br />Methods Mol Biol. 2019;1962:227-245. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231020564%22">31020564)</searchLink><br />Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Aug;50(8):2872-4. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2216870791%22">16870791)</searchLink><br />Ann Lab Med. 2015 Mar;35(2):246-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225729729%22">25729729)</searchLink><br />J Antimicrob Chemother. 2018 May 1;73(5):1263-1266. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229462315%22">29462315)</searchLink><br />J Comput Biol. 2012 May;19(5):455-77. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2222506599%22">22506599)</searchLink><br />Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2025 Apr 02;69(4):e0012425. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240047426%22">40047426)</searchLink><br />Nucleic Acids Res. 2020 Jan 8;48(D1):D561-D569. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231722416%22">31722416)</searchLink><br />Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Oct;52(10):3823-5. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2218644963%22">18644963)</searchLink><br />Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005 May;49(5):1823-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2215855502%22">15855502)</searchLink><br />Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Feb;53(2):639-45. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219064896%22">19064896)</searchLink><br />Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014 Aug;5(4):193-8. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225379369%22">25379369)</searchLink><br />Curr Res Microb Sci. 2026 May 21;10:100609. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2242232807%22">42232807)</searchLink><br />Clin Infect Dis. 2024 Aug 07;:. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239108079%22">39108079)</searchLink><br />J Clin Microbiol. 1995 Sep;33(9):2233-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%227494007%22">7494007)</searchLink><br />Bioinformatics. 2014 Jul 15;30(14):2068-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224642063%22">24642063)</searchLink><br />Mikrobiyol Bul. 2014 Apr;48(2):201-12. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224819258%22">24819258)</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectMinor
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; antimicrobial resistance; mobile genetic elements; molecular epidemiology; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; resistance island; whole-genome sequencing
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  Label: Substance Nomenclature
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  Data: 8064-90-2 (Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination)<br />0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)<br />6GNT3Y5LMF (Levofloxacin)<br />FYY3R43WGO (Minocycline)
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  Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20260926 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260926 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260927
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  Data: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1926102
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  Data: 42798368
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=cmedm&AN=42798368
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1926102
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        StartPage: 1926102
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections microbiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Levofloxacin pharmacology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Minocycline pharmacology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Humans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Genotype
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Whole Genome Sequencing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Genome, Bacterial
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia genetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia drug effects
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolation & purification
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia classification
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination pharmacology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial genetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interspersed Repetitive Sequences
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Genomic Islands
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Genomic characterization of a mobile-element-associated resistance island in trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates sharing the same PFGE genotype.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Altan G
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Rakıcı E
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Dündar D
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Özgümüş OB
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 11
              M: 09
              Text: 2026 Sep 11
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 2235-2988
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 16
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
              Type: main
ResultId 1