Academic Journal
Genomic characterization of a mobile-element-associated resistance island in trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates sharing the same PFGE genotype.
| Τίτλος: | Genomic characterization of a mobile-element-associated resistance island in trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates sharing the same PFGE genotype. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Altan G; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Türkiye., Rakıcı E; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Türkiye., Dündar D; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Türkiye., Özgümüş OB; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Türkiye. |
| Πηγή: | Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology [Front Cell Infect Microbiol] 2026 Sep 11; Vol. 16, pp. 1926102. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 11 (Print Publication: 2026). |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Frontiers Media SA Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101585359 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2235-2988 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22352988 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Cell Infect Microbiol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Lausanne : Frontiers Media SA |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Stenotrophomonas maltophilia*/genetics , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia*/drug effects , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia*/isolation & purification , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia*/classification , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination*/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial*/genetics , Interspersed Repetitive Sequences* , Genomic Islands*, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; Levofloxacin/pharmacology ; Minocycline/pharmacology ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Genotype ; Whole Genome Sequencing ; Genome, Bacterial |
| Περίληψη: | Background: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen with intrinsic multidrug resistance and limited therapeutic options. This study integrated phenotypic susceptibility testing, targeted molecular screening, PFGE and short-read whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to characterize resistance determinants and their local genomic context in clinical-culture isolates. Methods: Thirty-four non-duplicate clinical-culture isolates were analyzed. Susceptibility to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), levofloxacin and minocycline was determined by disk diffusion. Minocycline testing was repeated with acceptable quality control, and the repeat-run zone records were reassessed using current CLSI breakpoints. A predefined, hypothesis-driven PCR panel was used to screen selected resistance-, efflux- and biofilm-associated targets, and gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE were sequenced. Genetic relatedness was assessed by XbaI-PFGE. Three selected isolates (S05, S08 and S25) underwent WGS as a targeted genomic-context analysis rather than a whole-collection population-genomic study. Results: Resistance rates were 5.9% for TMP-SMX, 8.8% for levofloxacin and 11.8% for minocycline after reassessment using current CLSI minocycline breakpoints. Smqnr- and sul1-target PCR positivity was observed in 61.8% and 8.8% of isolates, respectively. A dfrA27-target PCR amplicon was observed in 82.4% of isolates but was not associated with TMP-SMX resistance and was not confirmed in the three sequenced genomes. No QRDR hotspot mutations were identified. The two TMP-SMX-resistant isolates, S05 and S08, shared the same PFGE genotype. Short-read WGS identified an identical 19,361-bp mobile-element-associated resistance region in these isolates, containing a putative Sul-family/folP-like dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) annotation, two assembly-predicted hits each of bla Conclusions: The identical resistance region in two TMP-SMX-resistant isolates sharing the same PFGE genotype is compatible with shared ancestry, vertical inheritance or persistence of an island-carrying PFGE-defined genotype; horizontal transfer was not demonstrated. The discordance between dfrA27-target PCR positivity, phenotype and WGS highlights the need to interpret molecular screening together with phenotypic susceptibility and orthogonal confirmation. The WGS component provides a local genomic-context characterization rather than evidence of cross-genotype dissemination. (Copyright © 2026 Altan, Rakıcı, Dündar and Özgümüş.) |
| Competing Interests: | The author(s) declared that this work was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; antimicrobial resistance; mobile genetic elements; molecular epidemiology; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; resistance island; whole-genome sequencing |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 8064-90-2 (Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination) 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents) 6GNT3Y5LMF (Levofloxacin) FYY3R43WGO (Minocycline) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260926 Date Completed: 20260926 Latest Revision: 20260927 |
| Update Code: | 20260927 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13612193 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1926102 |
| PMID: | 42798368 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 2235-2988 |
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| DOI: | 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1926102 |