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Association between hypertension and frozen shoulder: A bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study.

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Title: Association between hypertension and frozen shoulder: A bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study.
Authors: Hua D; Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Fenghua Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China., Chen Y, Wang L, Li N, Xu X
Source: Medicine [Medicine (Baltimore)] 2026 Sep 25; Vol. 105 (39), pp. e50925.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 2985248R Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1536-5964 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00257974 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Medicine (Baltimore) Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Hagerstown, Md : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
MeSH Terms: Hypertension*/genetics , Hypertension*/complications , Hypertension*/epidemiology , Bursitis*/genetics , Bursitis*/epidemiology , Mendelian Randomization Analysis*, Humans ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Risk Factors
Abstract: Observational studies have suggested a potential association between hypertension and frozen shoulder. This study aims to elucidate the causal dynamics of this relationship using a bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization approach. We analyzed data on hypertension (N = 484,598) and frozen shoulder (N = 627,998) from the IEU Open genome-wide association study database. Instrumental variables were carefully selected to ensure robust correlation and minimize linkage disequilibrium. The primary analysis was conducted using the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method. Additional analyses, including the Weighted Median, MR-Egger, Simple Model, and Weighted Model, were performed to further assess causal effects. We conducted heterogeneity and pleiotropy tests, along with a leave-one-out analysis, to evaluate the stability of our findings. Our analysis revealed that individuals with hypertension have a significantly increased risk of developing frozen shoulder (IVW: odds ratio = 1.749, 95% CI: 1.275-2.399, P = 5.239*10-4). Conversely, reverse Mendelian randomization analysis showed no significant association between frozen shoulder and the risk of hypertension (IVW: odds ratio = 1.006, 95% CI: 0.991-1.021, P = .426). Our findings confirm that hypertension is associated with an increased risk of frozen shoulder, while the reverse does not hold. Patients with hypertension should be informed of this potential risk and consider preventive strategies against the development of frozen shoulder.
(Copyright © 2026 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, LLC.)
Competing Interests: The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to declare.
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Contributed Indexing: Keywords: causality; frozen shoulder; hypertension; mendelian randomization
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260926 Date Completed: 20260926 Latest Revision: 20260930
Update Code: 20260930
PubMed Central ID: PMC13619246
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000050925
PMID: 42798033
Database: MEDLINE
Description
ISSN:1536-5964
DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000050925