Academic Journal
Characteristics of Biodegradable Car Shampoos in Terms of Performance and Environmental Properties.
| Τίτλος: | Characteristics of Biodegradable Car Shampoos in Terms of Performance and Environmental Properties. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Woźniak B; Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland., Marzec M; Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland., Kempiński M; Department of Experimental Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznań, Poland., Wawrzyńczak A; Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland., Nowak I; Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland. |
| Πηγή: | International journal of molecular sciences [Int J Mol Sci] 2026 Sep 10; Vol. 27 (18). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 10. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, [2000- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Detergents*/chemistry , Cosmetics*/chemistry , Automobiles*, Biodegradation, Environmental ; Humans ; Surface Tension |
| Περίληψη: | The developing chemical industry increasingly emphasizes environmentally friendly products. As consumers' environmental awareness grows, so do their expectations of cleaning products, which must not only maintain high cleaning efficacy but also be safe for both humans and the environment. However, previous studies have not evaluated biodegradability potential alongside chemical integrity, preservation efficacy, packaging stability, interfacial performance, and consumer acceptance within a unified framework. The aim of this study was to analyze two proprietary formulations of car shampoo concentrates. Both products were assessed for basic physicochemical parameters and analyzed using chromatographic techniques, which revealed no presence of by-products or harmful substances. Subsequently, compatibility tests were conducted with PET bottles, monitoring mass loss, pH, viscosity, turbidity, and fluorescent polymer content over several months. In addition, surface tension analysis was performed using the Wilhelmy plate method, and biodegradability tests were conducted in accordance with OECD 301B in an aquatic environment, yielding 100% potential biodegradation results for both shampoos. Finally, a consumer analysis was also carried out, based on which a formulation with more favorable performance properties was selected. The integrated results provide system-level evidence that environmental performance can coexist with formulation robustness and consumer usability. |
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| Grant Information: | DWD/6/0338/2022 Ministry of Science and Higher Education |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: biodegradability testing; biodegradable products; car cosmetics; chromatographic analysis; consumer tests; environmental chemistry; formulation stability; shampoos; surface tension |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Detergents) 0 (Cosmetics) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260926 Date Completed: 20260926 Latest Revision: 20260929 |
| Update Code: | 20260929 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13606842 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/ijms27188050 |
| PMID: | 42794480 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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