Academic Journal
Surveillance of zoonotic respiratory viral infections in animal farms: a model project with a focus on One Health approach-A study protocol.
| Τίτλος: | Surveillance of zoonotic respiratory viral infections in animal farms: a model project with a focus on One Health approach-A study protocol. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Natarajan S; Department of Virology and Biotechnology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chetpet/Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.; Virus Research and Diagnostic Lab (VRDL), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Tiruvallur, Tamil Nadu, India., Selvaraju S; Department of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chetpet/Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Palaniyandi K; Department of Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chetpet/Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Vetrivel U; Department of Virology and Biotechnology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chetpet/Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Hilda JN; Department of Virology and Biotechnology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chetpet/Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.; Virus Research and Diagnostic Lab (VRDL), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Tiruvallur, Tamil Nadu, India., Thiruvengadam K; Epid-Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chetpet/Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Balakrishnan SK; Epid-Statistics, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chetpet/Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Chandrasekaran P; Department of Clinical Research, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chetpet/Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Hanna LE; Department of Virology and Biotechnology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chetpet/Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.; Virus Research and Diagnostic Lab (VRDL), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) - National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Tiruvallur, Tamil Nadu, India. |
| Πηγή: | Frontiers in public health [Front Public Health] 2026 Sep 10; Vol. 14, pp. 1854395. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 10 (Print Publication: 2026). |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Frontiers Editorial Office Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101616579 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2296-2565 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22962565 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Lausanne : Frontiers Editorial Office |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Respiratory Tract Infections*/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections*/virology , Respiratory Tract Infections*/veterinary , Zoonoses*/epidemiology , Viral Zoonoses*/epidemiology , One Health* , Farms*, India/epidemiology ; Livestock/virology ; Animals ; Humans ; Cattle ; Animal Husbandry ; Population Surveillance ; Swine |
| Περίληψη: | Background: The One Health approach recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health in addressing the growing threat of zoonotic diseases. This study aims to establish an integrated One Health surveillance system for the early detection and monitoring of zoonotic respiratory viral infections at the human-animal-environment interface in Tiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu, India. Objectives: The study aims to establish a longitudinal surveillance system for the early detection of emerging and re-emerging zoonotic respiratory viral infections across livestock animals, animal handlers, and the farm environment interface; and ii) determine the occurrence and distribution of selected zoonotic respiratory viruses, and assess the influence of seasonal and climatic factors on their occurrence and transmission. Methods: Following sensitization of farm owners and animal handlers through the Animal Husbandry Department, 40 livestock farms from four selected blocks of Tiruvallur District, rearing cattle, buffalo, goats, sheep, swine, and poultry, will be enrolled in each surveillance round. Animal nasal swabs, respiratory samples from animal handlers, and environmental samples (air and wastewater) will be collected. Field surveillance will be carried out by a study team comprising a veterinarian and field investigators. Sixteen surveillance rounds (eight rounds annually) will be conducted over 2 years, covering two complete climatic cycles. Approximately 7,360 animal swab samples, 960 samples from animal handlers, and 960 environmental samples will be collected in each study phase. Animal samples will be screened using a pooled testing strategy followed by real-time RT-PCR for the detection of selected zoonotic respiratory viruses, while human samples will be tested individually. Expected Outcomes: The study is expected to establish a robust One Health surveillance framework and generate baseline epidemiological data on zoonotic respiratory viruses circulating among livestock, animal handlers, and the farm environment in Tamil Nadu. The findings will strengthen integrated surveillance, support early warning systems, facilitate timely veterinary and public health responses, and provide evidence to inform future One Health policies and preparedness strategies for emerging zoonotic respiratory viral infections. (Copyright © 2026 Natarajan, Selvaraju, Palaniyandi, Vetrivel, Hilda, Thiruvengadam, Balakrishnan, Chandrasekaran and Hanna.) |
| Competing Interests: | The author(s) declared that this work was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The authors LH and SS declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: One Health; animal farms; animal handlers; human-animal-environment interface; pooled testing; respiratory viral infection; surveillance; zoonotic viruses |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260925 Date Completed: 20260925 Latest Revision: 20260926 |
| Update Code: | 20260926 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13601349 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1854395 |
| PMID: | 42787270 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 2296-2565 |
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| DOI: | 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1854395 |