Academic Journal
The Evolution of Next-Generation Glucose Monitoring Systems: Developments from Conventional Diagnostics to Wearable and Continuous Sensing Platforms-A Narrative Review.
| Τίτλος: | The Evolution of Next-Generation Glucose Monitoring Systems: Developments from Conventional Diagnostics to Wearable and Continuous Sensing Platforms-A Narrative Review. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Prabhu SN; Biomedical Science & Engineering Programme, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China. |
| Πηγή: | Biosensors [Biosensors (Basel)] 2026 Sep 20; Vol. 16 (9). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 20. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Review |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: MDPI Pub Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101609191 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2079-6374 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20796374 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biosensors (Basel) Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI Pub. |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Biosensing Techniques* , Wearable Electronic Devices* , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring*, Blood Glucose/analysis ; Glucose/analysis ; Humans ; Continuous Glucose Monitoring |
| Περίληψη: | For the diagnosis of diabetes, glycemic control, treatment modification, and the avoidance of both acute and long-term consequences, accurate glucose monitoring is crucial. This study examines the development of glucose-monitoring systems, from traditional diagnostic tests and finger-prick electrochemical glucometers to wearable, continuous, minimally invasive, and non-invasive sensing platforms. Major invasive technologies, including enzymatic and non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors, microdialysis systems, hexokinase-based photometric assays, and field-effect transistor biosensors, are critically evaluated. The ability of minimally invasive methods to access interstitial fluid with less pain is discussed, including fluorescence probes, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and microneedle arrays. Emerging non-invasive approaches are also evaluated. These include reverse iontophoresis, optical coherence tomography, infrared and photoacoustic spectroscopy, microwave resonators, smart contact lenses, and AI-assisted wearable systems. Finally, the review identifies major barriers related to sensitivity, selectivity, calibration, biofouling, biocompatibility, physiological variability, and clinical translation. It also outlines opportunities for intelligent, painless, and patient-centered glucose monitoring. |
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(PMID: 11355853) |
| Grant Information: | Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: artificial intelligence-assisted wearable technology; continuous glucose monitoring; diabetes diagnosis; electrochemical sensors; finger-prick electrochemical glucometers; glucose monitoring; glycemic control; minimally invasive sensing; non-invasive sensing; wearable sensors |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Blood Glucose) IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260924 Date Completed: 20260924 Latest Revision: 20260926 |
| Update Code: | 20260926 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13604579 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/bios16090525 |
| PMID: | 42783192 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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