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The Role of Digital Health Literacy and Cultural Intelligence in Cultural Competence of Private Hospital Nurses: Cross-Sectional Study.

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Τίτλος: The Role of Digital Health Literacy and Cultural Intelligence in Cultural Competence of Private Hospital Nurses: Cross-Sectional Study.
Συγγραφείς: Shdaifat E; Community Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Faisal Road, Dammam, Eastern Province, 34212, Saudi Arabia, 966 544312234., Alshowkan A; Community Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, King Faisal Road, Dammam, Eastern Province, 34212, Saudi Arabia, 966 544312234., Alsaaideh B; Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Al Khober, Saudi Arabia.
Πηγή: JMIR nursing [JMIR Nurs] 2026 Sep 22; Vol. 9, pp. e97334. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 22.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc Country of Publication: Canada NLM ID: 101771299 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2562-7600 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 25627600 NLM ISO Abbreviation: JMIR Nurs Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Toronto, ON, Canada : JMIR Publications Inc., [2018]-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Health Literacy*/standards , Health Literacy*/methods , Health Literacy*/statistics & numerical data , Cultural Competency*/psychology , Nurses*/psychology , Nurses*/statistics & numerical data , Nurses*/standards, Digital Health/standards ; Hospitals, Private/organization & administration ; Hospitals, Private/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Saudi Arabia ; Adult ; Female ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Male ; Middle Aged
Περίληψη: Background: As patient populations become increasingly diverse, nurses must develop cultural competence to provide effective and equitable care.
Objective: This study aims to examine the predictors of cultural competence among nurses, specifically investigating the roles of digital health literacy (DHL) and cultural intelligence, while also assessing how demographic factors, competence levels, and DHL relate to culturally competent behaviors.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 296 nurses at a private hospital in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using validated instruments to assess DHL, cultural intelligence, and cultural competence. Descriptive statistics, independent t tests, Pearson correlations, and hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were performed using SPSS (IBM Corp) to evaluate the associations and predictors of cultural competence.
Results: In a sample of 296 nurses, cultural intelligence was observed at a moderate level, present in 35.8% (n=106) of participants. Conversely, more than half of the participants (n=158, 53.4%) exhibited low DHL. The majority of the nurses (n=195, 65.9%) demonstrated moderate cultural competence. Education was the only demographic factor significantly associated with cultural competence, with nurses holding a Bachelor of Science degree scoring higher than those with a diploma (P=.003). Furthermore, cultural intelligence and DHL each showed a strong positive correlation with cultural competence (P<.001). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that both cultural intelligence (β=.427; P<.001) and DHL (β=.315; P<.001) were significant predictors of cultural competence, jointly explaining 47.7% of the variance (adjusted R²=0.460; P<.001). Nationality also emerged as a significant predictor (β=.105; P=.03), whereas other demographic variables were not statistically significant. Cultural intelligence accounted for the largest proportion of explained variance (ΔR²=0.375), followed by DHL (ΔR²=0.051).
Conclusions: Cultural competence among nurses is predominantly influenced by cultural intelligence and DHL, rather than by most demographic variables. Consequently, enhancing DHL and cultural intelligence may strengthen culturally competent practice. It is recommended that targeted educational and professional development interventions be implemented to elevate competence and support high-quality patient care across diverse health care settings.
(© Emad Shdaifat, Amira Alshowkan, Bilal Alsaaideh. Originally published in JMIR Nursing (https://nursing.jmir.org).)
References: BMC Med Educ. 2024 May 7;24(1):508. (PMID: 38715005)
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 11;18(8):. (PMID: 33920334)
BMC Med Educ. 2025 Jul 24;25(1):1106. (PMID: 40707933)
Nurse Educ Pract. 2022 Aug;63:103382. (PMID: 35772307)
SAGE Open Nurs. 2025 Sep 4;11:23779608251375375. (PMID: 40919285)
BMC Med Educ. 2024 Oct 14;24(1):1139. (PMID: 39402500)
BMC Nurs. 2025 Sep 26;24(1):1199. (PMID: 41013614)
Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Aug 31;10(9):. (PMID: 36141273)
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Oct 31;12(21):. (PMID: 39517384)
J Transcult Nurs. 2026 Mar;37(2):343-348. (PMID: 41186118)
Comput Inform Nurs. 2026 Jul 01;44(7):. (PMID: 41562426)
Nurse Educ Pract. 2021 Jan;50:102966. (PMID: 33454512)
J Bioeth Inq. 2022 Dec;19(4):599-612. (PMID: 36063344)
J Clin Nurs. 2012 Jun;21(11-12):1678-84. (PMID: 22239136)
J Med Internet Res. 2006 Nov 14;8(4):e27. (PMID: 17213046)
BMC Nurs. 2020 Apr 10;19:22. (PMID: 32308559)
J Relig Health. 2022 Aug;61(4):2876-2904. (PMID: 35616821)
J Clin Nurs. 2025 Jul;34(7):2885-2897. (PMID: 39381920)
Front Digit Health. 2023 Nov 17;5:1264780. (PMID: 38046643)
BMC Nurs. 2024 Sep 6;23(1):626. (PMID: 39243073)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: DHL; Saudi Arabia; cultural competency; cultural intelligence; digital health literacy; nurses
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260922 Date Completed: 20260922 Latest Revision: 20260924
Update Code: 20260924
PubMed Central ID: PMC13596763
DOI: 10.2196/97334
PMID: 42771788
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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– Name: Abstract
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  Data: Background: As patient populations become increasingly diverse, nurses must develop cultural competence to provide effective and equitable care.&lt;br /&gt;Objective: This study aims to examine the predictors of cultural competence among nurses, specifically investigating the roles of digital health literacy (DHL) and cultural intelligence, while also assessing how demographic factors, competence levels, and DHL relate to culturally competent behaviors.&lt;br /&gt;Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 296 nurses at a private hospital in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using validated instruments to assess DHL, cultural intelligence, and cultural competence. Descriptive statistics, independent t tests, Pearson correlations, and hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were performed using SPSS (IBM Corp) to evaluate the associations and predictors of cultural competence.&lt;br /&gt;Results: In a sample of 296 nurses, cultural intelligence was observed at a moderate level, present in 35.8% (n=106) of participants. Conversely, more than half of the participants (n=158, 53.4%) exhibited low DHL. The majority of the nurses (n=195, 65.9%) demonstrated moderate cultural competence. Education was the only demographic factor significantly associated with cultural competence, with nurses holding a Bachelor of Science degree scoring higher than those with a diploma (P=.003). Furthermore, cultural intelligence and DHL each showed a strong positive correlation with cultural competence (P&amp;lt;.001). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that both cultural intelligence (β=.427; P&amp;lt;.001) and DHL (β=.315; P&amp;lt;.001) were significant predictors of cultural competence, jointly explaining 47.7% of the variance (adjusted R&#178;=0.460; P&amp;lt;.001). Nationality also emerged as a significant predictor (β=.105; P=.03), whereas other demographic variables were not statistically significant. Cultural intelligence accounted for the largest proportion of explained variance (ΔR&#178;=0.375), followed by DHL (ΔR&#178;=0.051).&lt;br /&gt;Conclusions: Cultural competence among nurses is predominantly influenced by cultural intelligence and DHL, rather than by most demographic variables. Consequently, enhancing DHL and cultural intelligence may strengthen culturally competent practice. It is recommended that targeted educational and professional development interventions be implemented to elevate competence and support high-quality patient care across diverse health care settings.&lt;br /&gt; (&#169; Emad Shdaifat, Amira Alshowkan, Bilal Alsaaideh. Originally published in JMIR Nursing (https://nursing.jmir.org).)
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