Academic Journal
Case-based pharmacotherapeutic learning structured around the prescribing optimization method and the WHO 6-step model: Medical students' views from an exploratory questionnaire study.
| Τίτλος: | Case-based pharmacotherapeutic learning structured around the prescribing optimization method and the WHO 6-step model: Medical students' views from an exploratory questionnaire study. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Carifi M; Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy., Furchì F; Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy., Parodi López N; Department of Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 431, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden.; Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden., Piët JD; Department of Internal Medicine, Unit Pharmacotherapy, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.; Research and Expertise Centre in Pharmacotherapy Education (RECIPE), De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands., Tichelaar J; Department of Internal Medicine, Unit Pharmacotherapy, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.; Research and Expertise Centre in Pharmacotherapy Education (RECIPE), De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.; Interprofessional Collaboration and Medication Safety, Faculty of Health, Sports and Social Work, InHolland University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., De Ponti F; Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy., Wallerstedt SM; Department of Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 431, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden. susanna.wallerstedt@pharm.gu.se.; Centre for Health Technology Assessment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden. susanna.wallerstedt@pharm.gu.se. |
| Πηγή: | European journal of clinical pharmacology [Eur J Clin Pharmacol] 2026 Sep 19; Vol. 82 (10). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 19. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 1256165 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-1041 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00316970 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur J Clin Pharmacol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Berlin, New York, Springer. |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Students, Medical*/psychology , Problem-Based Learning*/methods, Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Male ; Drug Prescriptions ; Female ; Clinical Competence ; Clinical Clerkship |
| Περίληψη: | Purpose: Pharmacotherapy is a core competence for physicians and case-based learning is a valuable teaching method for developing this competence. This study explored medical students' views on structuring pharmacotherapeutic education around either the Prescribing Optimization Method (POM), starting from the medication list, or the World Health Organization (WHO) 6-Step Model, starting from the patient's presentation. Methods: Students who had experienced both the POM and the WHO 6-Step Model, featuring cases involving multiple medications, during an elective pharmacology clerkship at the University of Bologna, were invited to complete an anonymous questionnaire. Participants rated their agreement with a statement regarding the usefulness of each structure for developing pharmacotherapeutic knowledge (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree), indicated their preferred structure, and provided comments explaining their choice and contexts in which each structure was considered useful. Results: All students participating in the clerkship shared their views (n = 27). Their ratings of each structure's usefulness for developing pharmacotherapeutic knowledge were 4.3 ± 0.8 (POM) and 4.1 ± 1.1 (WHO). Thirteen students preferred the POM, often referring to its comprehensive medication focus in the context of polypharmacy, and the value of such guidance in the undergraduate learning process. Twelve students preferred the WHO 6-Step Model, often referring to its alignment with clinical practice and the learning it offers for their future professional role. Conclusion: Students perceived both structures as useful for pharmacotherapeutic learning; future studies should examine whether these approaches improve prescribing competence or therapeutic reasoning performance. (© 2026. The Author(s).) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Education; Medical programme; Pharmacotherapy; Polypharmacy; Prescribing; Teaching |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260919 Date Completed: 20260919 Latest Revision: 20260922 |
| Update Code: | 20260922 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13589751 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00228-026-04184-7 |
| PMID: | 42762310 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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