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Polarization-insensitive stimulated Brillouin scattering filter with birefringence compensation.

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Τίτλος: Polarization-insensitive stimulated Brillouin scattering filter with birefringence compensation.
Συγγραφείς: Li J; College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and technology, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R China., Tan X; College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and technology, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R China., Liu J; Ceyear Electronics Technology Instruments Co., Ltd, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R China., Xu Y; College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and technology, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R China.
Πηγή: PloS one [PLoS One] 2026 Sep 16; Vol. 21 (9), pp. e0357986. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 16 (Print Publication: 2026).
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Scattering, Radiation*, Refractometry/instrumentation ; Interferometry/instrumentation ; Birefringence ; Models, Theoretical ; Light ; Equipment Design
Περίληψη: Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) has been extensively studied and repurposed for diverse practical applications, such as optical measurement and sensing, and microwave photonics filter. SBS based optical filters face inherent limitations due to polarization-dependent gain fluctuations caused by fiber birefringence and environmental perturbations. To address these challenges, we establish a comprehensive theoretical model of polarization evolution in the fiber and implement depolarization via the Faraday effect. Building on this insight, we propose and experimentally validate a polarization-independent SBS filter architecture enabled by dual orthogonally polarized pumps generated through a Faraday rotator mirror (FRM)-integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). This design achieves passive compensation for polarization fluctuations without requiring active or complex polarization state control. Experimental validation confirms that this design suppresses Brillouin gain variations to less than ±3% degree of polarization, enabling wavelength-independent operation across arbitrary input polarizations. In contrast, existing approaches based on complex polarization control schemes typically exhibit a degree of polarization exceeding ±5% and are susceptible to variations in both operating wavelength and filter parameters. Furthermore, we demonstrate the filter's versatility in optical spectrum analysis (OSA) using a two-stage SBS configuration, achieving a remarkable dynamic range of 80 dB, ± 0.3 pm wavelength precision, and improved power accuracy from ±2.4 dB to within ±0.2 dB, ensuring rapid and precise spectral acquisition. These advancements resolve long-standing limitations in SBS-based systems, enabling robust and polarization-independent operation for optical communications and sensing, integrated photonic devices and circuits, optical neural networks, microwave photonics, passive and active photonic devices.
(Copyright: © 2026 Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
References: Nat Commun. 2023 Nov 13;14(1):7343. (PMID: 37957145)
Nanophotonics. 2025 Mar 18;14(10):1509-1535. (PMID: 40444192)
Opt Express. 2024 May 20;32(11):18516-18526. (PMID: 38859005)
Opt Express. 2022 Mar 14;30(6):9336-9347. (PMID: 35299364)
Materials (Basel). 2023 Jan 24;16(3):. (PMID: 36770045)
Opt Lett. 2024 Aug 15;49(16):4541-4544. (PMID: 39146098)
Appl Opt. 2023 Jun 20;62(18):4766-4776. (PMID: 37707250)
Opt Lett. 2024 Mar 15;49(6):1465-1468. (PMID: 38489426)
Appl Opt. 2023 Mar 20;62(9):2350-2356. (PMID: 37132874)
Nat Commun. 2023 Nov 20;14(1):7544. (PMID: 37985657)
Opt Lett. 2021 Jul 15;46(14):3460-3463. (PMID: 34264238)
Nanophotonics. 2025 Mar 28;14(16):2835-2846. (PMID: 40800252)
Nat Commun. 2024 Jun 19;15(1):5202. (PMID: 38898004)
Phys Rev Lett. 2005 Apr 22;94(15):153902. (PMID: 15904146)
JPhys Photonics. 2024 Jul 1;6(3):032001. (PMID: 38939757)
Photonix. 2021;2(1):14. (PMID: 34841256)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260916 Date Completed: 20260916 Latest Revision: 20260918
Update Code: 20260918
PubMed Central ID: PMC13581196
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0357986
PMID: 42748194
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Polarization-insensitive stimulated Brillouin scattering filter with birefringence compensation.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Li+J%22">Li J</searchLink>; College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and technology, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tan+X%22">Tan X</searchLink>; College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and technology, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Liu+J%22">Liu J</searchLink>; Ceyear Electronics Technology Instruments Co., Ltd, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Xu+Y%22">Xu Y</searchLink>; College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and technology, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R China.
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  Data: Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) has been extensively studied and repurposed for diverse practical applications, such as optical measurement and sensing, and microwave photonics filter. SBS based optical filters face inherent limitations due to polarization-dependent gain fluctuations caused by fiber birefringence and environmental perturbations. To address these challenges, we establish a comprehensive theoretical model of polarization evolution in the fiber and implement depolarization via the Faraday effect. Building on this insight, we propose and experimentally validate a polarization-independent SBS filter architecture enabled by dual orthogonally polarized pumps generated through a Faraday rotator mirror (FRM)-integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). This design achieves passive compensation for polarization fluctuations without requiring active or complex polarization state control. Experimental validation confirms that this design suppresses Brillouin gain variations to less than ±3% degree of polarization, enabling wavelength-independent operation across arbitrary input polarizations. In contrast, existing approaches based on complex polarization control schemes typically exhibit a degree of polarization exceeding ±5% and are susceptible to variations in both operating wavelength and filter parameters. Furthermore, we demonstrate the filter's versatility in optical spectrum analysis (OSA) using a two-stage SBS configuration, achieving a remarkable dynamic range of 80 dB, ± 0.3 pm wavelength precision, and improved power accuracy from ±2.4 dB to within ±0.2 dB, ensuring rapid and precise spectral acquisition. These advancements resolve long-standing limitations in SBS-based systems, enabling robust and polarization-independent operation for optical communications and sensing, integrated photonic devices and circuits, optical neural networks, microwave photonics, passive and active photonic devices.<br /> (Copyright: © 2026 Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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  Data: Nat Commun. 2023 Nov 13;14(1):7343. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237957145%22">37957145)</searchLink><br />Nanophotonics. 2025 Mar 18;14(10):1509-1535. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240444192%22">40444192)</searchLink><br />Opt Express. 2024 May 20;32(11):18516-18526. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238859005%22">38859005)</searchLink><br />Opt Express. 2022 Mar 14;30(6):9336-9347. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235299364%22">35299364)</searchLink><br />Materials (Basel). 2023 Jan 24;16(3):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236770045%22">36770045)</searchLink><br />Opt Lett. 2024 Aug 15;49(16):4541-4544. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239146098%22">39146098)</searchLink><br />Appl Opt. 2023 Jun 20;62(18):4766-4776. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237707250%22">37707250)</searchLink><br />Opt Lett. 2024 Mar 15;49(6):1465-1468. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238489426%22">38489426)</searchLink><br />Appl Opt. 2023 Mar 20;62(9):2350-2356. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237132874%22">37132874)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2023 Nov 20;14(1):7544. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237985657%22">37985657)</searchLink><br />Opt Lett. 2021 Jul 15;46(14):3460-3463. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234264238%22">34264238)</searchLink><br />Nanophotonics. 2025 Mar 28;14(16):2835-2846. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240800252%22">40800252)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2024 Jun 19;15(1):5202. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238898004%22">38898004)</searchLink><br />Phys Rev Lett. 2005 Apr 22;94(15):153902. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2215904146%22">15904146)</searchLink><br />JPhys Photonics. 2024 Jul 1;6(3):032001. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238939757%22">38939757)</searchLink><br />Photonix. 2021;2(1):14. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234841256%22">34841256)</searchLink>
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