Editorial & Opinion
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Delphi-based consensus studies: persistent challenges of bias.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: Delphi-based consensus studies: persistent challenges of bias.
Συγγραφείς: Nasa P; Department of Critical Care Medicine and Anaesthesia, New Cross Hospital, The Royal Wolverhampton, NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK; Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: dr.prashantnasa@hotmail.com., Schultz MJ; Department of Anaesthesiology, Rescue and Pain Medicine Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, HOCH Health Ostschweiz, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Juneja D; Institute of Critical Care Medicine, Max Super Specialty Hospital Saket, New Delhi, India.
Πηγή: British journal of anaesthesia [Br J Anaesth] 2026 Oct; Vol. 137 (4), pp. 941-946. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 27.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Editorial
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0372541 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-6771 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00070912 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Br J Anaesth Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: 2018- : [London] : Elsevier
Original Publication: London, Eng. [etc.]
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Consensus* , Delphi Technique*, Humans ; Bias ; Research Design
Περίληψη: Delphi methodology plays an important role in consensus development in areas where evidence is limited, ambiguous, or heterogeneous. However, the process remains inherently vulnerable to cognitive and methodological biases involving principal investigators, expert panellists, and other stakeholders. Recognising and proactively addressing these biases is essential to improve the rigour, transparency, and credibility of Delphi-based consensus research. Future efforts should focus on developing structured frameworks for transparent reporting and systematic implementation of bias mitigation strategies throughout the Delphi process.
(Copyright © 2026 British Journal of Anaesthesia. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Delphi methodology; bias; cognitive bias; consensus development; methodological bias; qualitative research
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260915 Date Completed: 20260915 Latest Revision: 20260922
Update Code: 20260923
DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2026.06.015
PMID: 42744459
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Delphi-based consensus studies: persistent challenges of bias.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Nasa+P%22">Nasa P</searchLink>; Department of Critical Care Medicine and Anaesthesia, New Cross Hospital, The Royal Wolverhampton, NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK; Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: dr.prashantnasa@hotmail.com.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Schultz+MJ%22">Schultz MJ</searchLink>; Department of Anaesthesiology, Rescue and Pain Medicine Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, HOCH Health Ostschweiz, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Juneja+D%22">Juneja D</searchLink>; Institute of Critical Care Medicine, Max Super Specialty Hospital Saket, New Delhi, India.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%220372541%22">British journal of anaesthesia</searchLink> [Br J Anaesth] 2026 Oct; Vol. 137 (4), pp. 941-946. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Aug 27.
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  Data: Delphi methodology plays an important role in consensus development in areas where evidence is limited, ambiguous, or heterogeneous. However, the process remains inherently vulnerable to cognitive and methodological biases involving principal investigators, expert panellists, and other stakeholders. Recognising and proactively addressing these biases is essential to improve the rigour, transparency, and credibility of Delphi-based consensus research. Future efforts should focus on developing structured frameworks for transparent reporting and systematic implementation of bias mitigation strategies throughout the Delphi process.<br /> (Copyright © 2026 British Journal of Anaesthesia. All rights reserved.)
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  Data: Declaration of interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
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