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Multisite analysis of infant corpse carrying in Pan reveals maternal attachment and death context as explanations of carrying duration.

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Τίτλος: Multisite analysis of infant corpse carrying in Pan reveals maternal attachment and death context as explanations of carrying duration.
Συγγραφείς: Hammond R; School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK., Püschel TA; School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK.
Πηγή: Biology letters [Biol Lett] 2026 Sep 16; Vol. 22 (9).
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: The Royal Society Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101247722 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1744-957X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17449561 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biol Lett Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: London : The Royal Society, 2005-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Pan troglodytes*/psychology , Pan troglodytes*/physiology , Pan paniscus*/psychology , Pan paniscus*/physiology , Maternal Behavior* , Death*, Animals ; Female ; Cadaver ; Bayes Theorem ; Object Attachment
Περίληψη: Understanding the mechanisms underlying non-human primate death-related behaviours is essential for reconstructing the evolution of human responses to death and death-related cognition. Infant corpse carrying is widely observed in chimpanzees and bonobos, yet its underlying mechanisms remain debated. Analysing 83 published cases across multiple sites using Bayesian mixed-effects models, we found strong support that infant corpse carrying duration varies with cause of death, infant age at death and site-level interbirth intervals. A less robust association of temperature with carrying duration was also identified. These results suggest that variation in infant corpse carrying duration is parsimoniously accounted for by the persistence of maternal behavioural systems being modulated by social carrying risk, dyadic bond strength, life-history context and decomposition rates. Crucially, none of the patterns observed in infant corpse carrying duration necessitate mothers recognizing death as an irreversible biological state, though they do not necessarily preclude such recognition. Given the close evolutionary relationship of Pan and Homo, this may indicate that the complex cognitive frameworks required to recognize death's finality emerged in the hominin lineage after divergence from the Pan-Homo last common ancestor.
(© 2026 The Authors.)
Grant Information: Boise Trust
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: bonobo; chimpanzee; infant corpse carrying; thanatology
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260915 Date Completed: 20260915 Latest Revision: 20260915
Update Code: 20260916
DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2026.0371
PMID: 42744331
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Multisite analysis of infant corpse carrying in Pan reveals maternal attachment and death context as explanations of carrying duration.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hammond+R%22">Hammond R</searchLink>; School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Püschel+TA%22">Püschel TA</searchLink>; School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101247722%22">Biology letters</searchLink> [Biol Lett] 2026 Sep 16; Vol. 22 (9).
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  Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: London : The Royal Society, 2005-
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Pan+troglodytes%22">Pan troglodytes*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Pan+troglodytes+psychology%22">psychology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Pan+troglodytes%22">Pan troglodytes*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Pan+troglodytes+physiology%22">physiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Pan+paniscus%22">Pan paniscus*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Pan+paniscus+psychology%22">psychology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Pan+paniscus%22">Pan paniscus*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Pan+paniscus+physiology%22">physiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Maternal+Behavior%22">Maternal Behavior*</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Death%22">Death*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Animals%22">Animals</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Female%22">Female</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Cadaver%22">Cadaver</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Bayes+Theorem%22">Bayes Theorem</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Object+Attachment%22">Object Attachment</searchLink>
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  Data: Understanding the mechanisms underlying non-human primate death-related behaviours is essential for reconstructing the evolution of human responses to death and death-related cognition. Infant corpse carrying is widely observed in chimpanzees and bonobos, yet its underlying mechanisms remain debated. Analysing 83 published cases across multiple sites using Bayesian mixed-effects models, we found strong support that infant corpse carrying duration varies with cause of death, infant age at death and site-level interbirth intervals. A less robust association of temperature with carrying duration was also identified. These results suggest that variation in infant corpse carrying duration is parsimoniously accounted for by the persistence of maternal behavioural systems being modulated by social carrying risk, dyadic bond strength, life-history context and decomposition rates. Crucially, none of the patterns observed in infant corpse carrying duration necessitate mothers recognizing death as an irreversible biological state, though they do not necessarily preclude such recognition. Given the close evolutionary relationship of Pan and Homo, this may indicate that the complex cognitive frameworks required to recognize death's finality emerged in the hominin lineage after divergence from the Pan-Homo last common ancestor.<br /> (© 2026 The Authors.)
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>bonobo; chimpanzee; infant corpse carrying; thanatology
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