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Study of a novel inverted collimator concept for prompt-gamma-based range verification in proton therapy using a hybrid simulation approach.

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Τίτλος: Study of a novel inverted collimator concept for prompt-gamma-based range verification in proton therapy using a hybrid simulation approach.
Συγγραφείς: Urban K; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.; National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Milan section, Milan, Italy., Borghi G; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.; National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Milan section, Milan, Italy., Carminati M; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.; National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Milan section, Milan, Italy., Forgione A; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.; National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Milan section, Milan, Italy., Piroddi M; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.; National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Milan section, Milan, Italy., Riboldi C; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.; National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Milan section, Milan, Italy., Santini L; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.; National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Milan section, Milan, Italy., Bellotti ES; Department of Energy (DENG), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy., Bortot D; Department of Energy (DENG), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy., Mazzucconi D; Department of Energy (DENG), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy., Pullia M; Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO), Pavia, Italy., Fiorini C; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.; National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Milan section, Milan, Italy.
Πηγή: Physics in medicine and biology [Phys Med Biol] 2026 Oct 07; Vol. 71 (19). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Oct 07.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: IOP Publishing Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0401220 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1361-6560 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00319155 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Phys Med Biol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Bristol : IOP Publishing
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Proton Therapy*/instrumentation , Gamma Rays*/therapeutic use , Monte Carlo Method*
Περίληψη: Objective.Prompt-gamma imaging is a promising technique for in-situ range verification during proton therapy, with the potential to reduce range uncertainties. Current prompt-gamma cameras typically rely on mechanical collimators, among which the knife-edge slit (KES) and multi-parallel slit (MPS) collimators are the two most widely studied concepts. In this work, we propose a novel inverted (INV) collimator concept that uses a single bar of high-density material to cast a gamma-ray shadow onto the central region of a pixelated scintillation detector. In addition to advantageous properties such as a high efficiency and a large field of view, the INV collimator also features a significantly reduced weight compared to the KES and MPS collimators.Approach.We optimized and compared the different collimator designs with respect to their simulated statistical range retrieval precision. To overcome the computational time limitations associated with full Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, we developed a new hybrid simulation tool based on a dedicated fixed-ray calculation of the collimator combined with precalculated MC simulations of prompt-gamma emission and detection. This approach enables rapid parameter optimization while incorporating all experimentally relevant effects, such as the detector spectral response and an empirical neutron background.Main results.We present optimized collimator geometries for the MPS, KES, and the novel INV collimator. The INV collimator achieves a statistical range retrieval precision (2) of 2.2 mm at a proton beam energy of 100 MeV and 2.4 mm at 150 MeV forprotons irradiating a homogeneous tissue-equivalent phantom, demonstrating performance comparable to the optimized KES design. In addition, we present a first experimental validation of the INV collimator concept at the CNAO hadron therapy facility in Pavia, Italy, demonstrating agreement between the hybrid simulation and measurements.Significance.These results suggest that the INV collimator is a promising concept for future prompt-gamma cameras, offering competitive performance and facilitating clinical implementation due to its reduced device weight.
(Creative Commons Attribution license.)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: collimator; prompt-gamma imaging; proton therapy; range verification
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260915 Date Completed: 20261007 Latest Revision: 20261007
Update Code: 20261007
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aea7f1
PMID: 42743967
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Study of a novel inverted collimator concept for prompt-gamma-based range verification in proton therapy using a hybrid simulation approach.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Urban+K%22">Urban K</searchLink>; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.; National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Milan section, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Borghi+G%22">Borghi G</searchLink>; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.; National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Milan section, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Carminati+M%22">Carminati M</searchLink>; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.; National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Milan section, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Forgione+A%22">Forgione A</searchLink>; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.; National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Milan section, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Piroddi+M%22">Piroddi M</searchLink>; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.; National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Milan section, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Riboldi+C%22">Riboldi C</searchLink>; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.; National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Milan section, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Santini+L%22">Santini L</searchLink>; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.; National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Milan section, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bellotti+ES%22">Bellotti ES</searchLink>; Department of Energy (DENG), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bortot+D%22">Bortot D</searchLink>; Department of Energy (DENG), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mazzucconi+D%22">Mazzucconi D</searchLink>; Department of Energy (DENG), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pullia+M%22">Pullia M</searchLink>; Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO), Pavia, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fiorini+C%22">Fiorini C</searchLink>; Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.; National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Milan section, Milan, Italy.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%220401220%22">Physics in medicine and biology</searchLink> [Phys Med Biol] 2026 Oct 07; Vol. 71 (19). <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Oct 07.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22IOP+Publishing%22">IOP Publishing </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>0401220 <i>Publication Model: </i>Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1361-6560 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2200319155%22">00319155 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Phys Med Biol <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: Bristol : IOP Publishing
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  Data: Objective.Prompt-gamma imaging is a promising technique for in-situ range verification during proton therapy, with the potential to reduce range uncertainties. Current prompt-gamma cameras typically rely on mechanical collimators, among which the knife-edge slit (KES) and multi-parallel slit (MPS) collimators are the two most widely studied concepts. In this work, we propose a novel inverted (INV) collimator concept that uses a single bar of high-density material to cast a gamma-ray shadow onto the central region of a pixelated scintillation detector. In addition to advantageous properties such as a high efficiency and a large field of view, the INV collimator also features a significantly reduced weight compared to the KES and MPS collimators.Approach.We optimized and compared the different collimator designs with respect to their simulated statistical range retrieval precision. To overcome the computational time limitations associated with full Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, we developed a new hybrid simulation tool based on a dedicated fixed-ray calculation of the collimator combined with precalculated MC simulations of prompt-gamma emission and detection. This approach enables rapid parameter optimization while incorporating all experimentally relevant effects, such as the detector spectral response and an empirical neutron background.Main results.We present optimized collimator geometries for the MPS, KES, and the novel INV collimator. The INV collimator achieves a statistical range retrieval precision (2) of 2.2 mm at a proton beam energy of 100 MeV and 2.4 mm at 150 MeV forprotons irradiating a homogeneous tissue-equivalent phantom, demonstrating performance comparable to the optimized KES design. In addition, we present a first experimental validation of the INV collimator concept at the CNAO hadron therapy facility in Pavia, Italy, demonstrating agreement between the hybrid simulation and measurements.Significance.These results suggest that the INV collimator is a promising concept for future prompt-gamma cameras, offering competitive performance and facilitating clinical implementation due to its reduced device weight.<br /> (Creative Commons Attribution license.)
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>collimator; prompt-gamma imaging; proton therapy; range verification
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  Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20260915 <i>Date Completed: </i>20261007 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20261007
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