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Effects of Statistical Learning on Target Detection Speed Can Reflect Prediction.

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Τίτλος: Effects of Statistical Learning on Target Detection Speed Can Reflect Prediction.
Συγγραφείς: Batterink LJ; Department of Psychology, Centre for Brain and Mind, University of Western Ontario., Herrera-Chaves D; Department of Psychology, Centre for Brain and Mind, University of Western Ontario., Köhler S; Department of Psychology, Centre for Brain and Mind, University of Western Ontario.
Πηγή: Cognitive science [Cogn Sci] 2026 Sep; Vol. 50 (9), pp. e70264.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7708195 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1551-6709 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03640213 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cogn Sci Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: 2009-: Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley-Blackwell
Original Publication: Norwood, N. J., Ablex Pub. Corp.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Reaction Time*/physiology , Attention*/physiology , Learning*/physiology , Probability Learning*, Humans
Περίληψη: In a recent study in Cognitive Science, Sheinenson, Kleiman, and Siegelman found that statistical learning of visual pairs produces response time facilitation during target detection that is driven exclusively by the predictive value of the preceding shape rather than by the predictability of the target itself. These intriguing results suggest that facilitation effects in the target detection task may reflect attentional modulation by statistical structure, whereby greater attention is allocated to temporal segments of greater certainty rather than the prediction of specific upcoming items. Here, we highlight an important divergent finding that suggests that Sheinenson and colleagues' framework may not generalize across all statistical learning studies using the target detection task. Using a speech-based statistical learning paradigm with a conceptually similar design, we recently showed that facilitation during target detection depends entirely on whether the target itself is specifically predicted by the preceding syllable and not on whether the preceding syllable is predictive, as suggested by Sheinenson and colleagues. We suggest that the relative stability of the statistical environment and the domain of statistical learning may be important factors that critically shape whether prediction is invoked during target detection. The target detection task can index learning of specific regularities, at least in the speech domain when violations of learned structure are rare. Identifying the precise boundary conditions under which prediction does and does not operate in statistical learning will be an important goal of future research.
(© 2026 The Author(s). Cognitive Science published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Cognitive Science Society (CSS).)
References: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2024 Feb;50(2):152-162. (PMID: 38376933)
Int J Psychophysiol. 2012 Feb;83(2):176-90. (PMID: 22019481)
Psychol Rev. 2026 Jan;133(1):237-252. (PMID: 39992791)
Cognition. 2025 May;258:106088. (PMID: 39986180)
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2026 Apr 16;:. (PMID: 41989433)
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2005 Nov;134(4):552-64. (PMID: 16316291)
Cogn Sci. 2026 May;50(5):e70226. (PMID: 42143743)
J Mem Lang. 2015 Aug 1;83:62-78. (PMID: 26034344)
Lang Cogn Neurosci. 2016;31(1):32-59. (PMID: 27135040)
Neurosci Lett. 2009 Sep 18;461(2):145-9. (PMID: 19539701)
Commun Psychol. 2025 Dec 21;3(1):186. (PMID: 41423557)
Cognition. 2013 Nov;129(2):205-11. (PMID: 23942346)
Psychol Sci. 2001 Nov;12(6):499-504. (PMID: 11760138)
Nebr Symp Motiv. 2012;59:117-46. (PMID: 23437632)
Q J Exp Psychol. 1980 Feb;32(1):3-25. (PMID: 7367577)
Exp Psychol. 2015;62(5):346-51. (PMID: 26592534)
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2012 Sep;38(5):1425-31. (PMID: 22329789)
Science. 1996 Dec 13;274(5294):1926-8. (PMID: 8943209)
Grant Information: DiscoveryGrantRGPIN-2026-04509 Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Facilitation; Response time; Statistical learning
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260915 Date Completed: 20260915 Latest Revision: 20260917
Update Code: 20260917
PubMed Central ID: PMC13575295
DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70264
PMID: 42740356
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: In a recent study in Cognitive Science, Sheinenson, Kleiman, and Siegelman found that statistical learning of visual pairs produces response time facilitation during target detection that is driven exclusively by the predictive value of the preceding shape rather than by the predictability of the target itself. These intriguing results suggest that facilitation effects in the target detection task may reflect attentional modulation by statistical structure, whereby greater attention is allocated to temporal segments of greater certainty rather than the prediction of specific upcoming items. Here, we highlight an important divergent finding that suggests that Sheinenson and colleagues' framework may not generalize across all statistical learning studies using the target detection task. Using a speech-based statistical learning paradigm with a conceptually similar design, we recently showed that facilitation during target detection depends entirely on whether the target itself is specifically predicted by the preceding syllable and not on whether the preceding syllable is predictive, as suggested by Sheinenson and colleagues. We suggest that the relative stability of the statistical environment and the domain of statistical learning may be important factors that critically shape whether prediction is invoked during target detection. The target detection task can index learning of specific regularities, at least in the speech domain when violations of learned structure are rare. Identifying the precise boundary conditions under which prediction does and does not operate in statistical learning will be an important goal of future research.<br /> (© 2026 The Author(s). Cognitive Science published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Cognitive Science Society (CSS).)
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  Data: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2024 Feb;50(2):152-162. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238376933%22">38376933)</searchLink><br />Int J Psychophysiol. 2012 Feb;83(2):176-90. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2222019481%22">22019481)</searchLink><br />Psychol Rev. 2026 Jan;133(1):237-252. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239992791%22">39992791)</searchLink><br />Cognition. 2025 May;258:106088. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239986180%22">39986180)</searchLink><br />J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2026 Apr 16;:. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2241989433%22">41989433)</searchLink><br />J Exp Psychol Gen. 2005 Nov;134(4):552-64. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2216316291%22">16316291)</searchLink><br />Cogn Sci. 2026 May;50(5):e70226. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2242143743%22">42143743)</searchLink><br />J Mem Lang. 2015 Aug 1;83:62-78. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226034344%22">26034344)</searchLink><br />Lang Cogn Neurosci. 2016;31(1):32-59. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227135040%22">27135040)</searchLink><br />Neurosci Lett. 2009 Sep 18;461(2):145-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219539701%22">19539701)</searchLink><br />Commun Psychol. 2025 Dec 21;3(1):186. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2241423557%22">41423557)</searchLink><br />Cognition. 2013 Nov;129(2):205-11. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223942346%22">23942346)</searchLink><br />Psychol Sci. 2001 Nov;12(6):499-504. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2211760138%22">11760138)</searchLink><br />Nebr Symp Motiv. 2012;59:117-46. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223437632%22">23437632)</searchLink><br />Q J Exp Psychol. 1980 Feb;32(1):3-25. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%227367577%22">7367577)</searchLink><br />Exp Psychol. 2015;62(5):346-51. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226592534%22">26592534)</searchLink><br />J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2012 Sep;38(5):1425-31. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2222329789%22">22329789)</searchLink><br />Science. 1996 Dec 13;274(5294):1926-8. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%228943209%22">8943209)</searchLink>
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