Academic Journal
Dataset Fragmentation, Cognitive Variability, and Reproducibility Challenges in EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces: A PRISMA-Based Systematic Review.
| Τίτλος: | Dataset Fragmentation, Cognitive Variability, and Reproducibility Challenges in EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces: A PRISMA-Based Systematic Review. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Peksa J; Information Technology Faculty, Turiba University, Graudu Street 68, LV-1058 Riga, Latvia.; Institute of Information Technology, Riga Technical University, Kalku Street 1, LV-1658 Riga, Latvia. |
| Πηγή: | Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) [Sensors (Basel)] 2026 Sep 01; Vol. 26 (17). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 01. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Systematic Review |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101204366 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1424-8220 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14248220 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sensors (Basel) Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, c2000- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Cognition*/physiology , Brain-Computer Interfaces* , Electroencephalography*, Humans ; Reproducibility of Results |
| Περίληψη: | Public EEG-based brain-computer interface (BCI) datasets are expanding rapidly, yet differences in sensors, experimental protocols, task/event semantics, preprocessing, participant context, and evaluation limit reproducibility and cross-dataset learning. This review examined whether heterogeneous EEG-BCI resources can support reproducible analysis across sources. A PRISMA-based systematic mapping review of literature published from 2014 to June 2026 was conducted across Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, IEEE Xplore, PubMed, and ACM Digital Library, yielding 16,920 records. Following screening and evidence-focused curation, a curated synthesis corpus of 129 publications was retained and confirmed by full-text review. Evidence was coded across structural, semantic, procedural, human/contextual, and computational fragmentation, and reporting transparency was assessed using ten criteria. The synthesis identified heterogeneity in acquisition, channel layouts, task/event definitions, preprocessing, participant/session context, and evaluation design. Existing standards, ontologies, software platforms, benchmark frameworks, and transfer-learning methods address complementary layers but do not provide complete semantic interoperability. Within the retained corpus, the median transparency score was 9/10; data availability was stated in 61.2% and code or pipeline availability in 20.9%. These frequencies describe the curated corpus rather than the field as a whole. Scalable cross-dataset analysis requires analysis-dependent compatibility rules, explicit provenance, contextual metadata, and auditable transformations that preserve dataset identity, uncertainty, and information loss. |
| References: | Front Neuroergon. 2022 Apr 04;3:838342. (PMID: 38235453) J Neural Eng. 2025 Dec 30;22(6):. (PMID: 41406614) Med Biol Eng Comput. 2020 Jul;58(7):1515-1528. (PMID: 32394192) J Neural Eng. 2018 Dec;15(6):066011. (PMID: 30177583) J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2025 Nov 27;22(1):270. (PMID: 41310746) Med Biol Eng Comput. 2024 Mar;62(3):675-686. (PMID: 37982955) Front Hum Neurosci. 2021 Oct 01;15:706270. (PMID: 34658814) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2021 Feb;68(2):673-684. (PMID: 32746067) Gigascience. 2017 Jul 1;6(7):1-8. (PMID: 28472337) Sci Data. 2023 Sep 5;10(1):580. (PMID: 37670009) J Comput Neurosci. 2019 Feb;46(1):55-76. (PMID: 30488148) Sci Data. 2018 Oct 16;5:180211. (PMID: 30325349) J Neural Eng. 2024 Jan 31;21(1):. (PMID: 38232381) Front Hum Neurosci. 2022 Dec 02;16:1049985. (PMID: 36530202) Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 19;15:733546. (PMID: 34489636) IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. 2025 Mar;29(3):2136-2147. (PMID: 40030217) J Neural Eng. 2024 Jan 12;21(1):. (PMID: 38113535) Front Hum Neurosci. 2016 Oct 26;10:539. (PMID: 27833542) Front Hum Neurosci. 2015 Jun 02;9:308. (PMID: 26082705) Neural Netw. 2025 Feb;182:106847. (PMID: 39549492) J Neural Eng. 2023 Dec 12;20(6):. (PMID: 37995362) Front Neuroergon. 2022 Dec 21;3:1045653. (PMID: 38235475) Front Hum Neurosci. 2021 May 28;15:643386. (PMID: 34140883) J Neural Eng. 2021 Feb 22;18(1):. (PMID: 33217745) IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2023;31:3307-3319. (PMID: 37578926) J Neural Eng. 2024 Jun 27;21(3):. (PMID: 38885683) Sensors (Basel). 2025 Dec 06;25(24):. (PMID: 41471422) Gigascience. 2019 May 1;8(5):. (PMID: 30698704) IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2017 Oct;25(10):1746-1752. (PMID: 27849543) Front Hum Neurosci. 2023 Nov 16;17:1248474. (PMID: 38053651) BMJ. 2021 Mar 29;372:n71. (PMID: 33782057) Sci Data. 2023 Feb 10;10(1):85. (PMID: 36765121) Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Aug;12(32):e17408. (PMID: 40470749) IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2020 May;28(5):1081-1090. (PMID: 32217478) IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2024;32:3794-3803. (PMID: 38949927) J Neural Eng. 2022 Jun 17;19(3):. (PMID: 35640554) Sci Data. 2016 Mar 15;3:160018. (PMID: 26978244) Front Syst Neurosci. 2026 Jun 11;20:1840121. (PMID: 42368409) Comput Biol Med. 2023 Sep;163:107235. (PMID: 37442010) J Neural Eng. 2024 Aug 21;21(4):. (PMID: 39053485) J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2024 Apr 24;21(1):61. (PMID: 38658998) Biomed Eng Online. 2014 Mar 12;13(1):28. (PMID: 24621009) Front Comput Neurosci. 2020 Jan 21;13:87. (PMID: 32038208) Comput Biol Med. 2024 Jan;168:107806. (PMID: 38081116) Front Neurosci. 2021 Dec 02;15:773790. (PMID: 34924942) Front Neurosci. 2021 Nov 03;15:779231. (PMID: 34803600) Neural Netw. 2022 Sep;153:235-253. (PMID: 35753202) J Neural Eng. 2025 May 20;22(3):. (PMID: 40354807) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2020 Feb;67(2):399-410. (PMID: 31034407) Imaging Neurosci (Camb). 2025 Sep 12;3:. (PMID: 40959706) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2018 May;65(5):1107-1116. (PMID: 28841546) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2004 Jun;51(6):1034-43. (PMID: 15188875) Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2024 Jul;2024:1-4. (PMID: 40039672) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2019 Aug;66(8):2390-2401. (PMID: 30596565) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2024 Apr;71(4):1308-1318. (PMID: 37971908) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2022 Feb;69(2):807-817. (PMID: 34406935) Sci Data. 2022 Sep 1;9(1):531. (PMID: 36050394) J Neural Eng. 2020 Jun 29;17(3):036015. (PMID: 32375139) Sensors (Basel). 2021 Feb 10;21(4):. (PMID: 33578754) Front Neurosci. 2020 Oct 02;14:568000. (PMID: 33122990) Sci Data. 2025 Mar 23;12(1):488. (PMID: 40122923) Front Neuroinform. 2021 Aug 23;15:699840. (PMID: 34497500) Front Neurosci. 2020 Oct 22;14:579469. (PMID: 33192265) Biol Psychol. 2014 Oct;102:118-29. (PMID: 25088378) Sci Data. 2024 Feb 13;11(1):196. (PMID: 38351064) Front Neurosci. 2023 Feb 13;17:1122661. (PMID: 36860620) Prog Brain Res. 2016;228:295-328. (PMID: 27590973) IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2022;30:2866-2875. (PMID: 36194720) J Neural Eng. 2025 Jun 30;22(3):. (PMID: 40425023) Front Neuroinform. 2016 Mar 08;10:7. (PMID: 27014048) IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst. 2021 Feb;32(2):535-545. (PMID: 32745012) Front Neuroergon. 2025 Jul 01;6:1582724. (PMID: 40667422) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2025 Feb;72(2):810-821. (PMID: 39365711) Sci Data. 2022 Jul 8;9(1):388. (PMID: 35803976) Sci Data. 2024 Nov 20;11(1):1256. (PMID: 39567538) Front Neurosci. 2023 Nov 28;17:1274320. (PMID: 38089972) Sci Data. 2026 Jan 3;13(1):194. (PMID: 41484139) IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. 2025 Feb;29(2):909-922. (PMID: 39292591) Sensors (Basel). 2022 Jan 11;22(2):. (PMID: 35062495) J Neural Eng. 2023 Oct 20;20(5):. (PMID: 37774694) J Neurosci Methods. 2022 Mar 15;370:109489. (PMID: 35090904) Sci Data. 2024 Aug 10;11(1):867. (PMID: 39127752) Data Brief. 2021 Feb 02;35:106826. (PMID: 33659590) Front Neuroergon. 2023 Nov 23;4:1233722. (PMID: 38234499) Sensors (Basel). 2020 Nov 05;20(21):. (PMID: 33167561) Sci Data. 2019 Jun 25;6(1):103. (PMID: 31239435) J Neural Eng. 2020 Jan 06;17(1):016020. (PMID: 31683268) Comput Biol Med. 2024 Nov;182:109097. (PMID: 39265481) Front Hum Neurosci. 2020 Apr 21;14:103. (PMID: 32372929) IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2021;29:556-565. (PMID: 33587702) Psychophysiology. 2021 Aug;58(8):e13832. (PMID: 33945156) |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: brain–computer interfaces; cognitive variability; cross-dataset learning; dataset interoperability; electroencephalography; reproducibility; semantic metadata; transfer learning |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260915 Date Completed: 20260915 Latest Revision: 20260922 |
| Update Code: | 20260922 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13567918 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/s26175562 |
| PMID: | 42740182 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1424-8220 |
|---|---|
| DOI: | 10.3390/s26175562 |