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Novel Vertical Localization Using Spectral Cues Analysis from Artificial Human Ears.

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Τίτλος: Novel Vertical Localization Using Spectral Cues Analysis from Artificial Human Ears.
Συγγραφείς: Sirisawat P; Hardware-Human Interface and Communications Laboratory (H2I-Comm Lab), Department of Computer Science, College of Computing, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand., Saiyod S; Hardware-Human Interface and Communications Laboratory (H2I-Comm Lab), Department of Computer Science, College of Computing, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand., Nonsakhoo W; Hardware-Human Interface and Communications Laboratory (H2I-Comm Lab), Department of Computer Science, College of Computing, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Πηγή: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) [Sensors (Basel)] 2026 Aug 31; Vol. 26 (17). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 31.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101204366 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1424-8220 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14248220 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sensors (Basel) Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, c2000-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Sound Localization*/physiology , Ear*/physiology , Cues*, Humans ; Sound ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
Περίληψη: The ability to detect and localize the direction of the source of sounds has been with humans since ancient times, as humans can tell the direction of the sound coming from both the horizontal plane and vertical plane. Recent theory on why humans can distinguish the direction of the sound in the vertical plane is due to the difference between sounds reflected in human ears, more specifically, the pinna, which distort the sound in both the frequency domain and the time domain. In this paper, we will explore more on how to use the distortion in the time domain to localize the sound in the vertical plane. By analyzing the sound that is reflected in one of the artificial ears in the time domain, we use those data as a model to determine the sound coming from the vertical plane. The average angular error of the model is 4.86 degrees, with an RMSE of 6.90. The result confirms that we can analyze the sound in the time domain to determine the sound source direction in the vertical plane analyzed from only one microphone in the artificial ear.
References: J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1948 Feb;41(1):35-9. (PMID: 18904764)
Sensors (Basel). 2023 May 24;23(11):. (PMID: 37299750)
Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1967 Aug 15;168(1011):158-80. (PMID: 4383726)
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Mar 20;25(6):. (PMID: 40293093)
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Mar 26;25(7):. (PMID: 40218591)
Audiol Res. 2025 Aug 02;15(4):. (PMID: 40863021)
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Mar 21;22(6):. (PMID: 35336589)
Front Neural Circuits. 2014 Oct 01;8:116. (PMID: 25324726)
Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2018 Aug;135(4):259-264. (PMID: 29731298)
Audiol Res. 2025 Apr 25;15(3):. (PMID: 40407662)
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Apr 17;22(8):. (PMID: 35459062)
Trends Hear. 2024 Jan-Dec;28:23312165241235463. (PMID: 38425297)
Nat Neurosci. 1998 Sep;1(5):417-21. (PMID: 10196533)
Science. 1984 Aug 17;225(4663):725-8. (PMID: 6463649)
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Jun 20;22(12):. (PMID: 35746430)
IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell. 2021 May;43(5):1605-1619. (PMID: 31722472)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: acoustic signal processing; direction of arrival estimation; signal analysis; sound source localization; time-domain analysis; vertical plane localization
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260915 Date Completed: 20260915 Latest Revision: 20260916
Update Code: 20260916
PubMed Central ID: PMC13568182
DOI: 10.3390/s26175526
PMID: 42740146
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Novel Vertical Localization Using Spectral Cues Analysis from Artificial Human Ears.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sirisawat+P%22">Sirisawat P</searchLink>; Hardware-Human Interface and Communications Laboratory (H2I-Comm Lab), Department of Computer Science, College of Computing, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Saiyod+S%22">Saiyod S</searchLink>; Hardware-Human Interface and Communications Laboratory (H2I-Comm Lab), Department of Computer Science, College of Computing, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Nonsakhoo+W%22">Nonsakhoo W</searchLink>; Hardware-Human Interface and Communications Laboratory (H2I-Comm Lab), Department of Computer Science, College of Computing, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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  Data: The ability to detect and localize the direction of the source of sounds has been with humans since ancient times, as humans can tell the direction of the sound coming from both the horizontal plane and vertical plane. Recent theory on why humans can distinguish the direction of the sound in the vertical plane is due to the difference between sounds reflected in human ears, more specifically, the pinna, which distort the sound in both the frequency domain and the time domain. In this paper, we will explore more on how to use the distortion in the time domain to localize the sound in the vertical plane. By analyzing the sound that is reflected in one of the artificial ears in the time domain, we use those data as a model to determine the sound coming from the vertical plane. The average angular error of the model is 4.86 degrees, with an RMSE of 6.90. The result confirms that we can analyze the sound in the time domain to determine the sound source direction in the vertical plane analyzed from only one microphone in the artificial ear.
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  Data: J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1948 Feb;41(1):35-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2218904764%22">18904764)</searchLink><br />Sensors (Basel). 2023 May 24;23(11):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237299750%22">37299750)</searchLink><br />Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1967 Aug 15;168(1011):158-80. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%224383726%22">4383726)</searchLink><br />Sensors (Basel). 2025 Mar 20;25(6):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240293093%22">40293093)</searchLink><br />Sensors (Basel). 2025 Mar 26;25(7):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240218591%22">40218591)</searchLink><br />Audiol Res. 2025 Aug 02;15(4):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240863021%22">40863021)</searchLink><br />Sensors (Basel). 2022 Mar 21;22(6):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235336589%22">35336589)</searchLink><br />Front Neural Circuits. 2014 Oct 01;8:116. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225324726%22">25324726)</searchLink><br />Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2018 Aug;135(4):259-264. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229731298%22">29731298)</searchLink><br />Audiol Res. 2025 Apr 25;15(3):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240407662%22">40407662)</searchLink><br />Sensors (Basel). 2022 Apr 17;22(8):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235459062%22">35459062)</searchLink><br />Trends Hear. 2024 Jan-Dec;28:23312165241235463. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238425297%22">38425297)</searchLink><br />Nat Neurosci. 1998 Sep;1(5):417-21. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210196533%22">10196533)</searchLink><br />Science. 1984 Aug 17;225(4663):725-8. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%226463649%22">6463649)</searchLink><br />Sensors (Basel). 2022 Jun 20;22(12):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235746430%22">35746430)</searchLink><br />IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell. 2021 May;43(5):1605-1619. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231722472%22">31722472)</searchLink>
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