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Distinguishing Mood Temperaments from Personality Disorders: Diagnostic and Clinical Implications.

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Τίτλος: Distinguishing Mood Temperaments from Personality Disorders: Diagnostic and Clinical Implications.
Συγγραφείς: Ruffalo ML; University of Central Florida College of Medicine; Tufts University School of Medicine; New Jersey Institute for Training in Psychoanalysis., Ray AM; University at Albany, State University of New York.
Πηγή: Psychodynamic psychiatry [Psychodyn Psychiatry] 2026 Sep; Vol. 54 (3), pp. 381-388.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Review
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Guilford Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101580621 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2162-2604 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 21622590 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Psychodyn Psychiatry Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: New York, NY : Guilford Press
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Temperament*/physiology , Narcissistic Personality Disorder*/diagnosis , Borderline Personality Disorder*/diagnosis , Borderline Personality Disorder*/physiopathology , Personality Disorders*/diagnosis , Personality Disorders*/physiopathology , Cyclothymic Disorder*/diagnosis , Cyclothymic Disorder*/physiopathology , Affect*/physiology, Humans ; Diagnosis, Differential
Περίληψη: Temperament refers to enduring, biologically rooted affective dispositions that influence how individuals experience and regulate emotion. Although central to classical psychiatry, from Kraepelin's manic-depressive illness to Akiskal's affective styles, temperaments have been largely excluded from modern nosology and psychoanalytic theory. This omission has contributed to diagnostic confusion, particularly in differentiating cyclothymic temperament from borderline personality disorder and hyperthymic temperament from narcissistic personality disorder. While these conditions share surface similarities, they diverge in etiology, structure, and treatment. Cyclothymia reflects subsyndromal, endogenous mood fluctuations, whereas borderline personality disorder involves identity disturbance, interpersonal hypersensitivity, and reliance on primitive defenses. Hyperthymia is characterized by persistent high energy, optimism, and risk-taking, while narcissistic personality disorder reflects structural personality pathology, defensive grandiosity, and vulnerabilities in self-esteem regulation. Clarifying these distinctions is essential for improving diagnostic accuracy, guiding treatment, and fostering dialogue between biological psychiatry and psychoanalysis.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: borderline personality disorder; diagnosis; mood temperaments; narcissistic personality disorder; personality disorders
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260914 Date Completed: 20260914 Latest Revision: 20260914
Update Code: 20260915
DOI: 10.1521/pdps.2026.54.3.381
PMID: 42735084
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
FullText Text:
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  Data: Distinguishing Mood Temperaments from Personality Disorders: Diagnostic and Clinical Implications.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ruffalo+ML%22">Ruffalo ML</searchLink>; University of Central Florida College of Medicine; Tufts University School of Medicine; New Jersey Institute for Training in Psychoanalysis.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ray+AM%22">Ray AM</searchLink>; University at Albany, State University of New York.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101580621%22">Psychodynamic psychiatry</searchLink> [Psychodyn Psychiatry] 2026 Sep; Vol. 54 (3), pp. 381-388.
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  Data: Journal Article; Review
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Guilford+Press%22">Guilford Press </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>United States <i>NLM ID: </i>101580621 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>2162-2604 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2221622590%22">21622590 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Psychodyn Psychiatry <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: New York, NY : Guilford Press
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Temperament%22">Temperament*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Temperament+physiology%22">physiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Narcissistic+Personality+Disorder%22">Narcissistic Personality Disorder*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Narcissistic+Personality+Disorder+diagnosis%22">diagnosis</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Borderline+Personality+Disorder%22">Borderline Personality Disorder*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Borderline+Personality+Disorder+diagnosis%22">diagnosis</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Borderline+Personality+Disorder%22">Borderline Personality Disorder*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Borderline+Personality+Disorder+physiopathology%22">physiopathology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Personality+Disorders%22">Personality Disorders*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Personality+Disorders+diagnosis%22">diagnosis</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Personality+Disorders%22">Personality Disorders*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Personality+Disorders+physiopathology%22">physiopathology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cyclothymic+Disorder%22">Cyclothymic Disorder*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cyclothymic+Disorder+diagnosis%22">diagnosis</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cyclothymic+Disorder%22">Cyclothymic Disorder*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cyclothymic+Disorder+physiopathology%22">physiopathology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Affect%22">Affect*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Affect+physiology%22">physiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Diagnosis%2C+Differential%22">Diagnosis, Differential</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
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  Data: Temperament refers to enduring, biologically rooted affective dispositions that influence how individuals experience and regulate emotion. Although central to classical psychiatry, from Kraepelin's manic-depressive illness to Akiskal's affective styles, temperaments have been largely excluded from modern nosology and psychoanalytic theory. This omission has contributed to diagnostic confusion, particularly in differentiating cyclothymic temperament from borderline personality disorder and hyperthymic temperament from narcissistic personality disorder. While these conditions share surface similarities, they diverge in etiology, structure, and treatment. Cyclothymia reflects subsyndromal, endogenous mood fluctuations, whereas borderline personality disorder involves identity disturbance, interpersonal hypersensitivity, and reliance on primitive defenses. Hyperthymia is characterized by persistent high energy, optimism, and risk-taking, while narcissistic personality disorder reflects structural personality pathology, defensive grandiosity, and vulnerabilities in self-esteem regulation. Clarifying these distinctions is essential for improving diagnostic accuracy, guiding treatment, and fostering dialogue between biological psychiatry and psychoanalysis.
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>borderline personality disorder; diagnosis; mood temperaments; narcissistic personality disorder; personality disorders
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  Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20260914 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260914 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260914
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  Data: 20260915
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  Data: 10.1521/pdps.2026.54.3.381
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  Data: 42735084
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