Academic Journal
Impact of Iodized Salt Fortified with Folic Acid, Vitamin B12 and Iron on Reproductive-Aged Women in India.
| Τίτλος: | Impact of Iodized Salt Fortified with Folic Acid, Vitamin B12 and Iron on Reproductive-Aged Women in India. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Manda VV; Department of Neurosurgery, King George Hospital at Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.; Department of Neurosurgery, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India., Kancherla V; Center for Spina Bifida Prevention, Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA., Kottakki MNR; Department of Neurosurgery, King George Hospital at Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India., Kajana PM; Department of Neurosurgery, King George Hospital at Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.; Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh, India., Bhaganagarapu HR; Department of Neurosurgery, King George Hospital at Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India., Vatandoust A; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Mannar MGV; Center for Global Engineering Myhal Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Diosady L; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Pattisapu JV; Pediatric Neurosurgery, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, USA. |
| Πηγή: | Neurology India [Neurol India] 2026 Sep 01; Vol. 74 (5), pp. 885-891. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 11. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Medknow Publications Country of Publication: India NLM ID: 0042005 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1998-4022 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00283886 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neurol India Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Mumbai : Medknow Publications Original Publication: Bombay : Neurological Society of India |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Folic Acid*/blood , Folic Acid*/administration & dosage , Vitamin B 12*/blood , Vitamin B 12*/administration & dosage , Sodium Chloride, Dietary*/administration & dosage , Iron*/blood , Iron*/administration & dosage , Iodine*/administration & dosage , Food, Fortified*, Vitamin B 12 Deficiency/prevention & control ; Humans ; Female ; India ; Adult ; Young Adult |
| Περίληψη: | Background: India has a high prevalence of anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, and maternal folate insufficiency with associated spina bifida and anencephaly (SBA). Fortifying household iodized table salt can be a strategy to prevent several micronutrient deficiencies. Objective: To examine the effectiveness of quadruple fortified salt (QFS) on serum folate, vitamin B12, and iron concentrations after 4 months of intervention. Method and Material: A nonrandomized controlled trial using a pre- and post-intervention evaluation design was implemented from July 1, 2022, to November 30, 2022 in four remote rural villages in India. Study participants included non-pregnant, non-lactating women of reproductive age. Serum levels were analyzed at baseline and after 4 months of consuming QFS. The QFS was made using commercially available edible iodized salt (containing 22 ppm iodine), fortified with 37 ppm folic acid, 0.35 ppm vitamin B12, and 1080 ppm iron. Descriptive statistics were assessed, and a two-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired samples measured median differences, and mean differences were measured using paired sample t-tests. Results: A total of 91 participants were examined. The median serum folate concentration increased 3-fold from 18.3 nmol/L [interquartile range (IQR), 13.6-21.1 nmol/L ] at baseline to 54.4 nmol/L (IQR, 24.7-54.4 nmol/L; the ceiling effect) at the study endpoint. Median serum vitamin B12 concentration increased 2.6-fold from 287 pg/mL (IQR, 241-341 pg/mL) to 735 pg/mL (IQR, 624-890 pg/mL), and median serum iron concentration increased 1.7-fold, from 74 mcg/dL (IQR, 50-95 mcg/dL) to 128 mcg/dL (IQR, 97-156 mcg/dL) at endpoint. All increases were statistically significant (P < 0.0001). There were no complaints regarding QFS acceptability or adverse side effects. Conclusion: Our study showed significant rises in serum levels of folate, vitamin B12, and iron after the intervention. Since over 80% of households use iodized salt in India, addition of other micronutrients provides an excellent reach to prevent anemia, SBA, and other disorders effectively. (Copyright © 2026 Neurology India, Neurological Society of India.) |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Anemia; Vitamin B12; childbearing-aged women; folate; folic acid; fortification; iodized salt; iron; micronutrients; quadruple fortified salt |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 935E97BOY8 (Folic Acid) P6YC3EG204 (Vitamin B 12) 0 (Sodium Chloride, Dietary) 0 (iodized salt) E1UOL152H7 (Iron) 9679TC07X4 (Iodine) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260912 Date Completed: 20260912 Latest Revision: 20260914 |
| Update Code: | 20260914 |
| DOI: | 10.4103/neurol-india.Neurol-India-D-26-00255 |
| PMID: | 42730560 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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