Academic Journal
Προβολή σε EDS

The Age Friendly Supermarket Index: a Delphi study and psychometric analysis.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: The Age Friendly Supermarket Index: a Delphi study and psychometric analysis.
Συγγραφείς: Che SL; Nursing and Health Education Research Centre, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China., Lei WI; Nursing and Health Study Centre, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China., Leong SM; Research Management and Development Department, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.
Πηγή: Frontiers in public health [Front Public Health] 2026 Aug 28; Vol. 14, pp. 1891483. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 28 (Print Publication: 2026).
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Frontiers Editorial Office Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101616579 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2296-2565 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22962565 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Lausanne : Frontiers Editorial Office
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Psychometrics* , Food Markets*, Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Aging in Place ; Delphi Technique ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Περίληψη: Background and Objectives: Person-environment interactions shape how individuals evaluate their surroundings, and perceived age friendliness influences intentions to age in place. Supermarkets, as essential components of daily urban life, play a critical role in supporting older adults' community participation. This study aimed to develop and validate the Age Friendly Supermarket Index (AFSI), a comprehensive tool to assess and enhance supermarket age friendliness for older customers.
Methods: Indicators were generated through a literature review, followed by two Delphi rounds, cognitive interviews, and pilot testing. The AFSI was validated using survey data from 387 older adults in Macao.
Results: The finalized AFSI includes 33 indicators across three domains: (i) environmental design and customer service, (ii) convenience and safety assurance, and (iii) product arrangement and aisle planning. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a three factor structure. The overall index showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.93), with strong reliability across domains (α = 0.90-0.92), explaining 54.96% of variance. Measurement invariance was confirmed across gender, age groups, and living status.
Conclusion: The AFSI is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating supermarket age friendliness and can guide improvements to support age-friendly shopping environments.
(Copyright © 2026 Che, Lei and Leong.)
Competing Interests: The author(s) declared that this work was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
References: Disabil Rehabil. 2018 Apr;40(7):848-855. (PMID: 28129514)
Psychol Bull. 1990 Mar;107(2):238-46. (PMID: 2320703)
Public Health Nutr. 2011 Sep;14(9):1640-9. (PMID: 21557866)
HERD. 2020 Jan;13(1):11-23. (PMID: 31887097)
Educ Psychol Meas. 2019 Apr;79(2):310-334. (PMID: 30911195)
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2012 Jul;66(7):e20. (PMID: 21471140)
Ann Epidemiol. 2007 Sep;17(9):643-53. (PMID: 17553702)
J Nurses Staff Dev. 2012 May-Jun;28(3):137-42. (PMID: 22617785)
Qual Life Res. 2016 May;25(5):1189-97. (PMID: 26407605)
Med Teach. 2005 Nov;27(7):639-43. (PMID: 16332558)
Agric Human Values. 2015;32(3):445-460. (PMID: 26269663)
J Appl Gerontol. 2026 May;45(5):843-855. (PMID: 40557833)
PLoS One. 2015 Jul 01;10(7):e0131526. (PMID: 26132156)
Health Place. 2021 Jul;70:102621. (PMID: 34243058)
J Adv Nurs. 2000 Oct;32(4):1008-15. (PMID: 11095242)
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 05;19(1):. (PMID: 35010839)
Gerontologist. 2022 Jan 14;62(1):46-55. (PMID: 34043782)
Front Public Health. 2022 Jun 29;10:884514. (PMID: 35844860)
Disabil Rehabil. 2019 Jan;41(2):191-200. (PMID: 29117730)
Psychol Bull. 1976 Sep;83(5):956-74. (PMID: 794903)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Delphi; age-friendly; index; reliability; supermarket; validity
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260912 Date Completed: 20260912 Latest Revision: 20260914
Update Code: 20260915
PubMed Central ID: PMC13561940
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1891483
PMID: 42729252
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
CustomLinks:
  – Url: https://resolver.ebsco.com/c/fiv2js/result?sid=EBSCO:cmedm&genre=article&issn=22962565&ISBN=&volume=14&issue=&date=20260828&spage=1891483&pages=1891483&title=Frontiers in public health&atitle=The%20Age%20Friendly%20Supermarket%20Index%3A%20a%20Delphi%20study%20and%20psychometric%20analysis.&aulast=Che%20SL&id=DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1891483
    Name: Full Text Finder (for New FTF UI) (ns324271)
    Category: fullText
    Text: Full Text Finder
    MouseOverText: Full Text Finder
Header DbId: cmedm
DbLabel: MEDLINE
An: 42729252
AccessLevel: 3
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: The Age Friendly Supermarket Index: a Delphi study and psychometric analysis.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Che+SL%22">Che SL</searchLink>; Nursing and Health Education Research Centre, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lei+WI%22">Lei WI</searchLink>; Nursing and Health Study Centre, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Leong+SM%22">Leong SM</searchLink>; Research Management and Development Department, Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101616579%22">Frontiers in public health</searchLink> [Front Public Health] 2026 Aug 28; Vol. 14, pp. 1891483. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Aug 28 (<i>Print Publication: </i>2026).
– Name: TypePub
  Label: Publication Type
  Group: TypPub
  Data: Journal Article
– Name: Language
  Label: Language
  Group: Lang
  Data: English
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Journal Info
  Group: Src
  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Frontiers+Editorial+Office%22">Frontiers Editorial Office </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>Switzerland <i>NLM ID: </i>101616579 <i>Publication Model: </i>eCollection <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>2296-2565 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2222962565%22">22962565 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Front Public Health <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
– Name: PublisherInfo
  Label: Imprint Name(s)
  Group: PubInfo
  Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: Lausanne : Frontiers Editorial Office
– Name: SubjectMESH
  Label: MeSH Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Psychometrics%22">Psychometrics*</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Food+Markets%22">Food Markets*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Aged%22">Aged</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Aged%2C+80+and+over%22">Aged, 80 and over</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Female%22">Female</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Male%22">Male</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Aging+in+Place%22">Aging in Place</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Delphi+Technique%22">Delphi Technique</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Reproducibility+of+Results%22">Reproducibility of Results</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Surveys+and+Questionnaires%22">Surveys and Questionnaires</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background and Objectives: Person-environment interactions shape how individuals evaluate their surroundings, and perceived age friendliness influences intentions to age in place. Supermarkets, as essential components of daily urban life, play a critical role in supporting older adults' community participation. This study aimed to develop and validate the Age Friendly Supermarket Index (AFSI), a comprehensive tool to assess and enhance supermarket age friendliness for older customers.<br />Methods: Indicators were generated through a literature review, followed by two Delphi rounds, cognitive interviews, and pilot testing. The AFSI was validated using survey data from 387 older adults in Macao.<br />Results: The finalized AFSI includes 33 indicators across three domains: (i) environmental design and customer service, (ii) convenience and safety assurance, and (iii) product arrangement and aisle planning. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a three factor structure. The overall index showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.93), with strong reliability across domains (α = 0.90-0.92), explaining 54.96% of variance. Measurement invariance was confirmed across gender, age groups, and living status.<br />Conclusion: The AFSI is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating supermarket age friendliness and can guide improvements to support age-friendly shopping environments.<br /> (Copyright © 2026 Che, Lei and Leong.)
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: The author(s) declared that this work was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
  Data: Disabil Rehabil. 2018 Apr;40(7):848-855. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228129514%22">28129514)</searchLink><br />Psychol Bull. 1990 Mar;107(2):238-46. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%222320703%22">2320703)</searchLink><br />Public Health Nutr. 2011 Sep;14(9):1640-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221557866%22">21557866)</searchLink><br />HERD. 2020 Jan;13(1):11-23. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231887097%22">31887097)</searchLink><br />Educ Psychol Meas. 2019 Apr;79(2):310-334. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230911195%22">30911195)</searchLink><br />J Epidemiol Community Health. 2012 Jul;66(7):e20. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221471140%22">21471140)</searchLink><br />Ann Epidemiol. 2007 Sep;17(9):643-53. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2217553702%22">17553702)</searchLink><br />J Nurses Staff Dev. 2012 May-Jun;28(3):137-42. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2222617785%22">22617785)</searchLink><br />Qual Life Res. 2016 May;25(5):1189-97. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226407605%22">26407605)</searchLink><br />Med Teach. 2005 Nov;27(7):639-43. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2216332558%22">16332558)</searchLink><br />Agric Human Values. 2015;32(3):445-460. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226269663%22">26269663)</searchLink><br />J Appl Gerontol. 2026 May;45(5):843-855. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240557833%22">40557833)</searchLink><br />PLoS One. 2015 Jul 01;10(7):e0131526. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226132156%22">26132156)</searchLink><br />Health Place. 2021 Jul;70:102621. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234243058%22">34243058)</searchLink><br />J Adv Nurs. 2000 Oct;32(4):1008-15. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2211095242%22">11095242)</searchLink><br />Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 05;19(1):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235010839%22">35010839)</searchLink><br />Gerontologist. 2022 Jan 14;62(1):46-55. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234043782%22">34043782)</searchLink><br />Front Public Health. 2022 Jun 29;10:884514. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235844860%22">35844860)</searchLink><br />Disabil Rehabil. 2019 Jan;41(2):191-200. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229117730%22">29117730)</searchLink><br />Psychol Bull. 1976 Sep;83(5):956-74. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%22794903%22">794903)</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectMinor
  Label: Contributed Indexing
  Group:
  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Delphi; age-friendly; index; reliability; supermarket; validity
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date(s)
  Group: Date
  Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20260912 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260912 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260914
– Name: DateUpdate
  Label: Update Code
  Group: Date
  Data: 20260915
– Name: PubmedCentralID
  Label: PubMed Central ID
  Group: ID
  Data: PMC13561940
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1891483
– Name: AN
  Label: PMID
  Group: ID
  Data: 42729252
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=cmedm&AN=42729252
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1891483
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        StartPage: 1891483
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Aged
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aged, 80 and over
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Female
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Humans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Male
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aging in Place
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Delphi Technique
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reproducibility of Results
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Surveys and Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychometrics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Food Markets
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The Age Friendly Supermarket Index: a Delphi study and psychometric analysis.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Che SL
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Lei WI
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Leong SM
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 28
              M: 08
              Text: 2026 Aug 28
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 2296-2565
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 14
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Frontiers in public health
              Type: main
ResultId 1