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Evolution of the global emergency vaccine stockpile system.

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Title: Evolution of the global emergency vaccine stockpile system.
Authors: Walldorf JA; Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Health Center, Atlanta, GA, USA., Patel JC; Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Health Center, Atlanta, GA, USA., Cibrelus L; Health Emergencies Programme, Epidemic & Pandemic Management Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland., Fernandez K; Health Emergencies Programme, Epidemic & Pandemic Management Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland., Bouhenia M; Health Emergencies Programme, Epidemic & Pandemic Management Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland., Harutyunyan V; Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland., Pezzoli L; Health Emergencies Programme, Epidemic & Pandemic Management Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland., Staples JE; Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, CO, USA., Nguyen T; Health Emergencies Programme, Epidemic & Pandemic Management Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland., Costa A; Health Emergencies Programme, Epidemic & Pandemic Management Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Source: Expert review of vaccines [Expert Rev Vaccines] 2026 Dec; Vol. 25 (1), pp. 2715858. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 10.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Review
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101155475 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1744-8395 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14760584 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Expert Rev Vaccines Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: 2015- : Abingdon, Oxford : Taylor & Francis
Original Publication: London : Future Drugs Ltd., 2002-
MeSH Terms: Vaccines*/supply & distribution , Vaccines*/administration & dosage , Strategic Stockpile*, Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Humans ; Global Health ; Vaccine Development
Abstract: Introduction: The emergence of epidemic-prone diseases continues to pose a threat to global health. Vaccine stockpiles allow effective and timely response to outbreaks. Global stockpiles have been established for multiple vaccines, but stockpile management has evolved in recent years, both in the number of globally managed stockpiles and in stockpile strategy, from a reactive to a more integrated approach bridging with preventive strategies.
Areas Covered: We conducted a review of published and gray literature to provide an update on the evolution of stockpile management in recent years (2014-2025), specifically for cholera, yellow fever, polio, meningococcus, COVID-19, Ebola, and mpox.
Expert Opinion: The benefit of accelerated development of new vaccines and medical countermeasures to fight epidemic-prone diseases cannot be achieved without efficient and transparent stockpile management and distribution mechanisms, to ensure equitable and needs-based allocation.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Ebola; Stockpile; cholera; meningitis; mpox; poliomyelitis; vaccine; yellow fever
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Vaccines)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260910 Date Completed: 20260910 Latest Revision: 20260913
Update Code: 20260914
DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2026.2715858
PMID: 42717903
Database: MEDLINE
FullText Text:
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Evolution of the global emergency vaccine stockpile system.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Walldorf+JA%22">Walldorf JA</searchLink>; Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Health Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Patel+JC%22">Patel JC</searchLink>; Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Health Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cibrelus+L%22">Cibrelus L</searchLink>; Health Emergencies Programme, Epidemic & Pandemic Management Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fernandez+K%22">Fernandez K</searchLink>; Health Emergencies Programme, Epidemic & Pandemic Management Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bouhenia+M%22">Bouhenia M</searchLink>; Health Emergencies Programme, Epidemic & Pandemic Management Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Harutyunyan+V%22">Harutyunyan V</searchLink>; Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pezzoli+L%22">Pezzoli L</searchLink>; Health Emergencies Programme, Epidemic & Pandemic Management Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Staples+JE%22">Staples JE</searchLink>; Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Fort Collins, CO, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Nguyen+T%22">Nguyen T</searchLink>; Health Emergencies Programme, Epidemic & Pandemic Management Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Costa+A%22">Costa A</searchLink>; Health Emergencies Programme, Epidemic & Pandemic Management Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101155475%22">Expert review of vaccines</searchLink> [Expert Rev Vaccines] 2026 Dec; Vol. 25 (1), pp. 2715858. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Sep 10.
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  Data: Journal Article; Review
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  Data: English
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  Label: Journal Info
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Taylor+%26+Francis%22">Taylor & Francis </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>101155475 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1744-8395 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2214760584%22">14760584 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Expert Rev Vaccines <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: <i>Publication</i>: 2015- : Abingdon, Oxford : Taylor & Francis<br /><i>Original Publication</i>: London : Future Drugs Ltd., 2002-
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  Label: MeSH Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Vaccines%22">Vaccines*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Vaccines+supply+%26+distribution%22">supply & distribution</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Vaccines%22">Vaccines*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Vaccines+administration+%26+dosage%22">administration & dosage</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Strategic+Stockpile%22">Strategic Stockpile*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Disease+Outbreaks%22">Disease Outbreaks</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Disease+Outbreaks+prevention+%26+control%22">prevention & control</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Global+Health%22">Global Health</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Vaccine+Development%22">Vaccine Development</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Introduction: The emergence of epidemic-prone diseases continues to pose a threat to global health. Vaccine stockpiles allow effective and timely response to outbreaks. Global stockpiles have been established for multiple vaccines, but stockpile management has evolved in recent years, both in the number of globally managed stockpiles and in stockpile strategy, from a reactive to a more integrated approach bridging with preventive strategies.<br />Areas Covered: We conducted a review of published and gray literature to provide an update on the evolution of stockpile management in recent years (2014-2025), specifically for cholera, yellow fever, polio, meningococcus, COVID-19, Ebola, and mpox.<br />Expert Opinion: The benefit of accelerated development of new vaccines and medical countermeasures to fight epidemic-prone diseases cannot be achieved without efficient and transparent stockpile management and distribution mechanisms, to ensure equitable and needs-based allocation.
– Name: SubjectMinor
  Label: Contributed Indexing
  Group:
  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Ebola; Stockpile; cholera; meningitis; mpox; poliomyelitis; vaccine; yellow fever
– Name: NumberCAS
  Label: Substance Nomenclature
  Group: ID
  Data: 0 (Vaccines)
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date(s)
  Group: Date
  Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20260910 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260910 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260913
– Name: DateUpdate
  Label: Update Code
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  Data: 20260914
– Name: DOI
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  Data: 10.1080/14760584.2026.2715858
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  Label: PMID
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  Data: 42717903
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=cmedm&AN=42717903
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        Value: 10.1080/14760584.2026.2715858
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        StartPage: 2715858
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      – SubjectFull: Disease Outbreaks prevention & control
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      – SubjectFull: Humans
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      – SubjectFull: Global Health
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      – SubjectFull: Vaccine Development
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      – SubjectFull: Vaccines supply & distribution
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      – SubjectFull: Vaccines administration & dosage
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      – SubjectFull: Strategic Stockpile
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              Text: 2026 Dec
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