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Non-unitary reproducibility of an EEG-DMN-like sensor-level proxy: metric-family, task-window and paradigm effects across internally oriented tasks.

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Τίτλος: Non-unitary reproducibility of an EEG-DMN-like sensor-level proxy: metric-family, task-window and paradigm effects across internally oriented tasks.
Συγγραφείς: Herrera-Pérez S; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Estudios en Ciencia de Datos e Inteligencia Artificial ESenCIA, Universidad Internacional de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: salva.herrera@me.com., Moscardó V; Centro de Estudios en Ciencia de Datos e Inteligencia Artificial ESenCIA, Universidad Internacional de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Internacional de Valencia, Spain., Mases PL; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Valencia, Valencia, Spain., Lázaro E; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Estudios en Ciencia de Datos e Inteligencia Artificial ESenCIA, Universidad Internacional de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; UNIE Universidad, Calle de Arapiles 14, Madrid, 28015, Spain.
Πηγή: NeuroImage [Neuroimage] 2026 Oct 15; Vol. 340, pp. 122204. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 08.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Academic Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9215515 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-9572 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10538119 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neuroimage Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Orlando, FL : Academic Press, c1992-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Electroencephalography*/methods , Electroencephalography*/standards , Default Mode Network*/physiology, Memory/physiology ; Alpha Rhythm/physiology ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Music
Περίληψη: Background: Posterior α suppression, frontal θ enhancement and fronto-posterior α-band coupling are routinely interpreted together as an 'EEG-DMN-like' rest-to-task marker. Whether they replicate as a unitary pattern or dissociate across metric families, task windows and cognitive paradigms remains insufficiently characterised within a single harmonised pipeline.
Methods: ds004148 (n = 60; 61-channel EEG; three internally oriented tasks: MATH, MEMORY and MUSIC) was the primary cohort, and EEGMAT (n = 36; 19-channel EEG; mental arithmetic) the independent external validation cohort. Spectral, topographic and connectivity metrics were computed under a per-subject θ-localised 60-s primary window with a fixed central 60-s sensitivity window. Six connectivity estimators covering phase-lag-tolerant, zero-lag-suppressing and amplitude-envelope families were computed. Replication required the expected direction, Cohen's dz ≥ 0.2 and a 95 % bootstrap CI excluding zero. Reference-scheme sensitivity analyses (original online reference and REST) were also performed.
Results: Posterior α suppression and frontal θ enhancement were directionally consistent across the three ds004148 tasks (dz = 0.21-0.47) with topographically coherent posterior α clusters. Under the central window, MATH α/α₁ fell to near zero and MEMORY frontal θ dropped below threshold. Lag-tolerant connectivity reached small-to-moderate effects in MEMORY and MUSIC (dz ≈ 0.20-0.43) and attenuated in MATH; zero-lag-suppressing estimators failed the replication criterion across cohort/task cells. EEGMAT confirmed direction rather than magnitude. Direction was preserved under montage harmonisation and both alternative reference schemes (0/16 sign changes under REST), with near-threshold per-metric attenuations.
Conclusions: The sensor-level EEG-DMN-like pattern is best interpreted, within the limits of the present evidence, as a proxy of the rest-to-internally-oriented-cognition state transition rather than as a unitary biomarker of default-mode network activity. Reproducibility is component-, window- and estimator-specific: the spectral signature is directionally robust across cohorts, references and montage densities, whereas connectivity depends critically on estimator family and should be reported as such.
(Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Salvador Herrera-Perez reports financial support was provided by Valencian International University. Salvador Herrera-Perez reports a relationship with Valencian International University that includes: employment and funding grants. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Component-specific reproducibility; Default-mode network (dmn); Eeg; Estimator dependence; External cohort validation
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260908 Date Completed: 20260929 Latest Revision: 20260929
Update Code: 20260930
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2026.122204
PMID: 42710644
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Non-unitary reproducibility of an EEG-DMN-like sensor-level proxy: metric-family, task-window and paradigm effects across internally oriented tasks.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Herrera-Pérez+S%22">Herrera-Pérez S</searchLink>; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Estudios en Ciencia de Datos e Inteligencia Artificial ESenCIA, Universidad Internacional de Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: salva.herrera@me.com.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Moscardó+V%22">Moscardó V</searchLink>; Centro de Estudios en Ciencia de Datos e Inteligencia Artificial ESenCIA, Universidad Internacional de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Internacional de Valencia, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mases+PL%22">Mases PL</searchLink>; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lázaro+E%22">Lázaro E</searchLink>; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Estudios en Ciencia de Datos e Inteligencia Artificial ESenCIA, Universidad Internacional de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; UNIE Universidad, Calle de Arapiles 14, Madrid, 28015, Spain.
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  Data: Background: Posterior α suppression, frontal θ enhancement and fronto-posterior α-band coupling are routinely interpreted together as an 'EEG-DMN-like' rest-to-task marker. Whether they replicate as a unitary pattern or dissociate across metric families, task windows and cognitive paradigms remains insufficiently characterised within a single harmonised pipeline.<br />Methods: ds004148 (n = 60; 61-channel EEG; three internally oriented tasks: MATH, MEMORY and MUSIC) was the primary cohort, and EEGMAT (n = 36; 19-channel EEG; mental arithmetic) the independent external validation cohort. Spectral, topographic and connectivity metrics were computed under a per-subject θ-localised 60-s primary window with a fixed central 60-s sensitivity window. Six connectivity estimators covering phase-lag-tolerant, zero-lag-suppressing and amplitude-envelope families were computed. Replication required the expected direction, Cohen's dz ≥ 0.2 and a 95 % bootstrap CI excluding zero. Reference-scheme sensitivity analyses (original online reference and REST) were also performed.<br />Results: Posterior α suppression and frontal θ enhancement were directionally consistent across the three ds004148 tasks (dz = 0.21-0.47) with topographically coherent posterior α clusters. Under the central window, MATH α/α₁ fell to near zero and MEMORY frontal θ dropped below threshold. Lag-tolerant connectivity reached small-to-moderate effects in MEMORY and MUSIC (dz ≈ 0.20-0.43) and attenuated in MATH; zero-lag-suppressing estimators failed the replication criterion across cohort/task cells. EEGMAT confirmed direction rather than magnitude. Direction was preserved under montage harmonisation and both alternative reference schemes (0/16 sign changes under REST), with near-threshold per-metric attenuations.<br />Conclusions: The sensor-level EEG-DMN-like pattern is best interpreted, within the limits of the present evidence, as a proxy of the rest-to-internally-oriented-cognition state transition rather than as a unitary biomarker of default-mode network activity. Reproducibility is component-, window- and estimator-specific: the spectral signature is directionally robust across cohorts, references and montage densities, whereas connectivity depends critically on estimator family and should be reported as such.<br /> (Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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  Data: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Salvador Herrera-Perez reports financial support was provided by Valencian International University. Salvador Herrera-Perez reports a relationship with Valencian International University that includes: employment and funding grants. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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