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Within- and between-visit variability and reproducibility of the oral microbiome in young adults with alcohol use disorder.

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Τίτλος: Within- and between-visit variability and reproducibility of the oral microbiome in young adults with alcohol use disorder.
Συγγραφείς: Browning BD; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA. Electronic address: brownibr@musc.edu., Kirkland AE; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA., Meredith LR; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA., Perica MI; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA., Engevik MA; Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA., Barb JJ; National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Translational and Biobehavioral and Health Promotion Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA., Ferguson PL; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Public Health, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA., Tomko RL; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA., Squeglia LM; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
Πηγή: Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) [Alcohol] 2026 Nov; Vol. 136, pp. 42-55. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 03.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Elsevier Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8502311 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-6823 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07418329 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Alcohol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: New York Ny : Elsevier Science
Original Publication: Fayetteville, N.Y. : Ankho International, c1984-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Saliva*/microbiology , Mouth*/microbiology , Alcoholism*/microbiology , Microbiota*, Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Female ; Young Adult ; Male ; Adult
Περίληψη: Background: The oral microbiome has emerged as a potential biomarker and pharmacological target in alcohol use disorder (AUD) due to its associations with alcohol use and related biological processes. However, its temporal variability and reproducibility remain poorly understood, limiting its utility.
Methods: Saliva samples were obtained from participants enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of young adults with AUD. Temporal variability and reproducibility were evaluated using within-visit samples (∼4 h apart; before and after sesame oil placebo and standardized snack) and between visits (∼25 days; pre-treatment). Alpha diversity, beta diversity, differential abundance, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated at the genus and species levels.
Results: Significant within-visit differences were observed in alpha diversity, beta diversity, and the abundance of several genera and species. Snack type and time since last alcohol use explained comparable or greater variance in microbial composition than within-visit timepoint (4-6%). Although reproducibility of alpha diversity within-visit was generally low, most genera (70.3%) and species (74.6%) demonstrated at least moderate reproducibility. In contrast, no detectable systematic between-visit differences were observed in diversity or taxon abundance, and reproducibility was generally moderate for alpha diversity measures and most genera (67.6%) and species (72.2%).
Conclusions: Despite group-level microbial shifts within-visit, individual-level microbial features were generally reproducible both within (∼4 h) and between (∼25 days) visits. No systematic group-level differences were detected between-visits. These findings support the use of the oral microbiome in AUD research while emphasizing the importance of longitudinal designs and accounting for recent exposures.
(Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Alcohol use disorder; Oral microbiome; Saliva; Young adult
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260903 Date Completed: 20260923 Latest Revision: 20260929
Update Code: 20260929
DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2026.09.001
PMID: 42692206
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Within- and between-visit variability and reproducibility of the oral microbiome in young adults with alcohol use disorder.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Browning+BD%22">Browning BD</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA. Electronic address: brownibr@musc.edu.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kirkland+AE%22">Kirkland AE</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Meredith+LR%22">Meredith LR</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Perica+MI%22">Perica MI</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Engevik+MA%22">Engevik MA</searchLink>; Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Barb+JJ%22">Barb JJ</searchLink>; National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Translational and Biobehavioral and Health Promotion Branch, Bethesda, MD, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ferguson+PL%22">Ferguson PL</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Public Health, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tomko+RL%22">Tomko RL</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Squeglia+LM%22">Squeglia LM</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Saliva%22">Saliva*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Saliva+microbiology%22">microbiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Mouth%22">Mouth*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Mouth+microbiology%22">microbiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Alcoholism%22">Alcoholism*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Alcoholism+microbiology%22">microbiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Microbiota%22">Microbiota*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Reproducibility+of+Results%22">Reproducibility of Results</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Female%22">Female</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Young+Adult%22">Young Adult</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Male%22">Male</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Adult%22">Adult</searchLink>
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  Data: Background: The oral microbiome has emerged as a potential biomarker and pharmacological target in alcohol use disorder (AUD) due to its associations with alcohol use and related biological processes. However, its temporal variability and reproducibility remain poorly understood, limiting its utility.<br />Methods: Saliva samples were obtained from participants enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of young adults with AUD. Temporal variability and reproducibility were evaluated using within-visit samples (∼4 h apart; before and after sesame oil placebo and standardized snack) and between visits (∼25 days; pre-treatment). Alpha diversity, beta diversity, differential abundance, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated at the genus and species levels.<br />Results: Significant within-visit differences were observed in alpha diversity, beta diversity, and the abundance of several genera and species. Snack type and time since last alcohol use explained comparable or greater variance in microbial composition than within-visit timepoint (4-6%). Although reproducibility of alpha diversity within-visit was generally low, most genera (70.3%) and species (74.6%) demonstrated at least moderate reproducibility. In contrast, no detectable systematic between-visit differences were observed in diversity or taxon abundance, and reproducibility was generally moderate for alpha diversity measures and most genera (67.6%) and species (72.2%).<br />Conclusions: Despite group-level microbial shifts within-visit, individual-level microbial features were generally reproducible both within (∼4 h) and between (∼25 days) visits. No systematic group-level differences were detected between-visits. These findings support the use of the oral microbiome in AUD research while emphasizing the importance of longitudinal designs and accounting for recent exposures.<br /> (Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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