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GenAI-supported co-creation among humanities undergraduates: Offloading, agency, and future task confidence in a stimulus-organism-response framework.

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Τίτλος: GenAI-supported co-creation among humanities undergraduates: Offloading, agency, and future task confidence in a stimulus-organism-response framework.
Συγγραφείς: Song X; Xi'an Fanyi University, Xi'an, China., Sun L; Xi'an Fanyi University, Xi'an, China., Qu H; Yunnan College of Business Management, Anning, Kunming, Yunnan, China., Jiang X; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Jin J; Guangdong University of Science and Technology, Dongguan, China., Feng L; Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China., Song W; Xidian University, Xi'an, China.
Πηγή: PloS one [PLoS One] 2026 Sep 02; Vol. 21 (9), pp. e0355282. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 02 (Print Publication: 2026).
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Humanities*/education , Students*/psychology, Humans ; Female ; Self Efficacy ; Male ; Young Adult ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Universities ; Adult
Περίληψη: This study examines how humanities undergraduates' perceptions of GenAI interaction features relate to co-creation and future task confidence within a stimulus-organism-response framework. Drawing on survey data from 517 Chinese university students, we conducted observed-variable path analysis and bootstrap mediation analysis. The revised model allowed residual correlations among organism-level states measured in the same survey session and showed good fit (chi-square = 3.56, df = 2, CFI = .999, TLI = .987, RMSEA = .039, SRMR = .008). Perceived GenAI interaction features were positively associated with beneficial offloading, dependent offloading, agency/autonomy, and self-efficacy. Beneficial offloading, agency/autonomy, and self-efficacy were positively associated with both co-creation and future task confidence, whereas dependent offloading was not significantly associated with either outcome after the other organism variables were considered. Bootstrap analyses indicated significant indirect associations through beneficial offloading, agency/autonomy, and self-efficacy, but not through dependent offloading. Harman's single-factor test indicated that the first unrotated factor explained 35.2% of the variance, below the conventional 50% threshold. Sensitivity analyses further examined a co-creation-to-future-confidence path and disaggregated stimulus features. The findings suggest that humanities students' reported GenAI-supported co-creation and future task confidence are linked less to offloading in general than to productive offloading, agency, and confidence-supportive use.
(Copyright: © 2026 Song et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
References: Front Psychol. 2022 May 27;13:810258. (PMID: 35712166)
Front Artif Intell. 2024 Nov 01;7:1452131. (PMID: 39554991)
Lancet Digit Health. 2023 Mar;5(3):e105-e106. (PMID: 36754725)
NPJ Sci Learn. 2025 May 3;10(1):21. (PMID: 40319057)
Behav Sci (Basel). 2025 Apr 30;15(5):. (PMID: 40426378)
NPJ Sci Learn. 2025 Jan 8;10(1):1. (PMID: 39779711)
JMIR Med Educ. 2023 Mar 6;9:e46885. (PMID: 36863937)
Sci Rep. 2025 May 13;15(1):16610. (PMID: 40360573)
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 22;15(1):26521. (PMID: 40691450)
Front Psychol. 2025 May 21;16:1589318. (PMID: 40470015)
J Adv Nurs. 2023 Oct;79(10):3648-3651. (PMID: 36942780)
J Intell. 2025 May 26;13(6):. (PMID: 40558812)
PeerJ Comput Sci. 2024 Dec 3;10:e2105. (PMID: 39650462)
Behav Res Methods. 2023 Apr;55(3):1460-1479. (PMID: 35653013)
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 29;15(1):15105. (PMID: 40301425)
Front Artif Intell. 2024 Dec 10;7:1532896. (PMID: 39720359)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260902 Date Completed: 20260902 Latest Revision: 20260905
Update Code: 20260905
PubMed Central ID: PMC13537601
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0355282
PMID: 42685089
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: GenAI-supported co-creation among humanities undergraduates: Offloading, agency, and future task confidence in a stimulus-organism-response framework.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Song+X%22">Song X</searchLink>; Xi'an Fanyi University, Xi'an, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sun+L%22">Sun L</searchLink>; Xi'an Fanyi University, Xi'an, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Qu+H%22">Qu H</searchLink>; Yunnan College of Business Management, Anning, Kunming, Yunnan, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jiang+X%22">Jiang X</searchLink>; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jin+J%22">Jin J</searchLink>; Guangdong University of Science and Technology, Dongguan, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Feng+L%22">Feng L</searchLink>; Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Song+W%22">Song W</searchLink>; Xidian University, Xi'an, China.
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  Data: This study examines how humanities undergraduates' perceptions of GenAI interaction features relate to co-creation and future task confidence within a stimulus-organism-response framework. Drawing on survey data from 517 Chinese university students, we conducted observed-variable path analysis and bootstrap mediation analysis. The revised model allowed residual correlations among organism-level states measured in the same survey session and showed good fit (chi-square = 3.56, df = 2, CFI = .999, TLI = .987, RMSEA = .039, SRMR = .008). Perceived GenAI interaction features were positively associated with beneficial offloading, dependent offloading, agency/autonomy, and self-efficacy. Beneficial offloading, agency/autonomy, and self-efficacy were positively associated with both co-creation and future task confidence, whereas dependent offloading was not significantly associated with either outcome after the other organism variables were considered. Bootstrap analyses indicated significant indirect associations through beneficial offloading, agency/autonomy, and self-efficacy, but not through dependent offloading. Harman's single-factor test indicated that the first unrotated factor explained 35.2% of the variance, below the conventional 50% threshold. Sensitivity analyses further examined a co-creation-to-future-confidence path and disaggregated stimulus features. The findings suggest that humanities students' reported GenAI-supported co-creation and future task confidence are linked less to offloading in general than to productive offloading, agency, and confidence-supportive use.<br /> (Copyright: © 2026 Song et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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  Data: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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  Data: Front Psychol. 2022 May 27;13:810258. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235712166%22">35712166)</searchLink><br />Front Artif Intell. 2024 Nov 01;7:1452131. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239554991%22">39554991)</searchLink><br />Lancet Digit Health. 2023 Mar;5(3):e105-e106. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236754725%22">36754725)</searchLink><br />NPJ Sci Learn. 2025 May 3;10(1):21. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240319057%22">40319057)</searchLink><br />Behav Sci (Basel). 2025 Apr 30;15(5):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240426378%22">40426378)</searchLink><br />NPJ Sci Learn. 2025 Jan 8;10(1):1. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239779711%22">39779711)</searchLink><br />JMIR Med Educ. 2023 Mar 6;9:e46885. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236863937%22">36863937)</searchLink><br />Sci Rep. 2025 May 13;15(1):16610. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240360573%22">40360573)</searchLink><br />Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 22;15(1):26521. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240691450%22">40691450)</searchLink><br />Front Psychol. 2025 May 21;16:1589318. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240470015%22">40470015)</searchLink><br />J Adv Nurs. 2023 Oct;79(10):3648-3651. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236942780%22">36942780)</searchLink><br />J Intell. 2025 May 26;13(6):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240558812%22">40558812)</searchLink><br />PeerJ Comput Sci. 2024 Dec 3;10:e2105. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239650462%22">39650462)</searchLink><br />Behav Res Methods. 2023 Apr;55(3):1460-1479. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235653013%22">35653013)</searchLink><br />Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 29;15(1):15105. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240301425%22">40301425)</searchLink><br />Front Artif Intell. 2024 Dec 10;7:1532896. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239720359%22">39720359)</searchLink>
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