Academic Journal
Multi-Source Retrospective Analysis Exploring the "Pipeline" Relationship Between Pharmacist Board Certifications, Number of Pharm.D. Graduates, and Pharmacy Residency Candidates Matched.
| Τίτλος: | Multi-Source Retrospective Analysis Exploring the "Pipeline" Relationship Between Pharmacist Board Certifications, Number of Pharm.D. Graduates, and Pharmacy Residency Candidates Matched. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Silvia R; Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., LaNou E; Board of Pharmacy Specialties, Washington, District of Columbia, USA., Schroader J; Board of Pharmacy Specialties, Washington, District of Columbia, USA., Lawson B; Board of Pharmacy Specialties, Washington, District of Columbia, USA. |
| Πηγή: | Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP [J Am Coll Clin Pharm] 2026 Sep; Vol. 9 (9), pp. e70280. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101723133 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2574-9870 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 25749870 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Am Coll Clin Pharm Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: [Hoboken, NJ] : Wiley, [2018]- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Certification*/statistics & numerical data , Pharmacy Residencies*/statistics & numerical data , Pharmacy Residencies*/standards , Pharmacists*/standards , Pharmacists*/statistics & numerical data , Education, Pharmacy, Graduate*/statistics & numerical data , Education, Pharmacy*, Retrospective Studies ; Humans ; Databases, Factual ; Specialty Boards |
| Περίληψη: | Background: Board of Pharmacy Specialties board certification has become a common method of distinguishing pharmacists with advanced expertise in various areas of practice. These certifications are an important achievement for the pharmacy workforce, yet the number of new certifications has declined in recent years. Determining if various factors within the education and training pipeline of pharmacists, such as the number of Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) graduates and the number of pharmacy residency candidate matches, are involved in this decline has not been previously studied. Methods: This study was a retrospective database review correlating numbers of Pharm.D. graduates and Postgraduate Year (PGY) 1 and PGY2 residency candidate matches to new board certifications annually. Data from each database was aligned to Pharm.D. year of graduation from 2015-2023 for analysis. Correlation analysis was performed for both Pharm.D. graduates and residency candidate matches with new board certifications, as well as multivariate analysis of both factors with new board certifications. Pharm.D. graduate and PGY2 residency candidate matches were also analyzed for correlations (individually) and multivariate effects (together) with their respective aligned specialty certifications. Results: The number of Pharm.D. graduates declined over the study time period and showed strong correlations between all new board certifications (r = 0.95, p < 0.001) and new Board-Certified Pharmacotherapy Specialist certifications (r = 0.94, p < 0.001). No significant correlations were found for residency candidate matches (PGY1 or PGY2) and new certifications. Correlation analysis between Pharm.D. graduates and PGY2 residency candidate matches with their aligned specialty certifications showed minimal, if any, significant results. Conclusion: Number of Pharm.D. graduates, but not residency candidate matches, showed significant correlations with new board certifications annually. Reasons for these correlations should be investigated further to determine how Pharm.D. graduate numbers affect certification patterns, and how this can be utilized to increase board certifications in the future. (© 2026 ACCP Foundation, Ltd.) |
| References: | Board of Pharmacy Specialties, “About BPS,” accessed June 9, 2026, https://bpsweb.org/about‐bps/. A. Saiar, E. LaNou, Y. Meng, and W. Ellis, “Revisiting the Relationship Between Examination Pass Rate and Eligibility Pathway Among Candidates for Pharmacist Board Certification,” Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 63, no. 6 (2023): 1785–1790, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2023.05.022. Board of Pharmacy Specialties, “Examination Content Outlines,” accessed June 9, 2026, https://bpsweb.org/examination‐content‐outlines/. Board of Pharmacy Specialties, Annual Reports accessed June 9, 2026, https://bpsweb.org/annual‐reports/. American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, “Student Applications, Enrollments and Degrees Conferred Reports,” accessed June 9, 2026, https://www.aacp.org/research/institutional‐research/student‐applications‐enrollments‐and‐degrees‐conferred. National Matching Services Inc, “ASHP Match Statistics,” accessed June 9, 2026, https://natmatch.com/ashprmp/stats.html. American Board of Medical Specialties, “ABMS Board Certification Data,” accessed June 9, 2026, https://www.abms.org/abms‐board‐certification‐data/. Association of American Medical Colleges, “2025 FACTS: Enrollment, Graduates, and MD‐PhD Data,” accessed June 9, 2026, https://www.aamc.org/data‐reports/students‐residents/data/facts‐enrollment‐graduates‐and‐md‐phd. National Resident Matching Program, “Match Data,” accessed June 9, 2026, https://www.nrmp.org/match‐data/. S. See, B. D. Nemecek, S. M. Allen, et al., “Education and Training of Today's Clinical Pharmacist,” JACCP: Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 8, no. 9 (2025): 951–961, https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.70094. American College of Clinial Pharmacy, “Standards of Practice for Clinical Pharmacists,” JACCP: Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 6, no. 10 (2023): 1156–1159, https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1873. J. L. Bauman and S. T. Haines, “Aligning the Oversight of Pharmacy Education, Training, and Board Certification: A Modest Proposal,” JACCP Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 6, no. 1 (2022): 4–5, https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1697. T. D. Sorensen, N. L. Shapiro, N. Benedict, et al., “Recommendations for Aligning PGY2 Pharmacy Residency Training and Pharmacy Specialist Board Certification,” Pharmacotherapy 36, no. 5 (2016): e34–e39, https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.1741. J. P. Engle, J. M. Burke, E. J. Ashjian, et al., “ACCP Clinical Pharmacist Competencies: Advocating Alignment Between Student, Resident, and Practitioner Competencies,” Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 3, no. 1 (2020): 124–132, https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1200. Board of Regents Commentary, “Qualifications of Pharmacists Who Provide Direct Patient Care: Perspectives on the Need for Residency Training and Board Certification,” Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 33, no. 8 (2013): 888–891, https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.1285. S. G. Johnson, T. Muckle, S. Kassam, S. Someshwar, and W. Ellis, “Exploring the Relationship Between Examination Pass Rates and Eligibility Pathways Among Pharmacist Candidates for Initial Board Certification,” Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 59, no. 6 (2019): 792–796, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2019.06.013. M. Z. Roberts, M. M. Manis, J. C. Sebaaly, and E. Tran, “Postgraduate Year Two Pharmacy Residents' Perceptions of Pursuing Board Certification During Residency Training,” JACCP: Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 3, no. 2 (2019): 465–472, https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1179. A. C. Hean, J. Kneebusch, C. Tiefenthaler, and K. C. Lee, “Evaluation of Pharmacy Resident Burnout Based on Weekend Residency Staffing Requirements: A Pilot Study,” Pharmacy 13, no. 6 (2025): 153, https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy13060153. D. Omer, R. K. Barfield, M. Prosser, M. McConnell, C. Caulder, and P. B. Bookstaver, “Landscape of Board Certification Preparation in Pharmacy Residency Programs,” JACCP: Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 6, no. 12 (2023): 1346–1356, https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1883. W. D. Kufel, J. C. Govel, and S. A. Spinler, “Comment on “Landscape of Board Certification Preparation in Pharmacy Residency Programs.”,” JACCP: Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 7, no. 4 (2024): 408–408, https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1943. K. D. Wood, B. H. Mehta, M. C. Pruchnicki, K. Porter, and J. L. Rodis, “Evaluation of Student Pharmacists' Awareness, Perceptions, and Interest in Pursuing Board Certification,” Currents in Pharmacy Teaching & Learning 7, no. 1 (2015): 54–61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2014.09.015. 2024 National Pharmacist Workforce Study Executive Summary (Pharmacy Workforce Center, Inc., 2025), 1–14, accessed June 9, 2026, https://www.aacp.org/sites/default/files/2025‐06/2024‐npws‐executive‐summary‐5.27.25.pdf. Board of Pharmacy Specialties, “BPS Announces Continuous Testing Transition With Four Specialties Beginning in 2023,” accessed June 9, 2026, https://bpsweb.org/2022/07/06/bps‐announces‐continuous‐testing‐transition‐with‐four‐specialties‐beginning‐in‐2023/. G. Shaw, Why are Fewer Pharmacy Residents Completing Their Training? (Pharmacy Practice News, 2025), accessed June 9, 2026, https://www.pharmacypracticenews.com/Operations‐and‐Management/Article/07‐25/Why‐are‐Fewer‐Pharmacy‐Residents‐Completing‐Their‐Training/77589. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: certification; health workforce; internship and residency |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260902 Date Completed: 20260902 Latest Revision: 20260902 |
| Update Code: | 20260902 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/jac5.70280 |
| PMID: | 42683629 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Multi-Source Retrospective Analysis Exploring the "Pipeline" Relationship Between Pharmacist Board Certifications, Number of Pharm.D. Graduates, and Pharmacy Residency Candidates Matched. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Silvia+R%22">Silvia R</searchLink>; Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22LaNou+E%22">LaNou E</searchLink>; Board of Pharmacy Specialties, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Schroader+J%22">Schroader J</searchLink>; Board of Pharmacy Specialties, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lawson+B%22">Lawson B</searchLink>; Board of Pharmacy Specialties, Washington, District of Columbia, USA. – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101723133%22">Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP</searchLink> [J Am Coll Clin Pharm] 2026 Sep; Vol. 9 (9), pp. e70280. – Name: TypePub Label: Publication Type Group: TypPub Data: Journal Article – Name: Language Label: Language Group: Lang Data: English – Name: TitleSource Label: Journal Info Group: Src Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Wiley%22">Wiley </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>United States <i>NLM ID: </i>101723133 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>2574-9870 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2225749870%22">25749870 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>J Am Coll Clin Pharm <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE – Name: PublisherInfo Label: Imprint Name(s) Group: PubInfo Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: [Hoboken, NJ] : Wiley, [2018]- – Name: SubjectMESH Label: MeSH Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Certification%22">Certification*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Certification+statistics+%26+numerical+data%22">statistics & numerical data</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Pharmacy+Residencies%22">Pharmacy Residencies*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Pharmacy+Residencies+statistics+%26+numerical+data%22">statistics & numerical data</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Pharmacy+Residencies%22">Pharmacy Residencies*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Pharmacy+Residencies+standards%22">standards</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Pharmacists%22">Pharmacists*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Pharmacists+standards%22">standards</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Pharmacists%22">Pharmacists*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Pharmacists+statistics+%26+numerical+data%22">statistics & numerical data</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Education%2C+Pharmacy%2C+Graduate%22">Education, Pharmacy, Graduate*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Education%2C+Pharmacy%2C+Graduate+statistics+%26+numerical+data%22">statistics & numerical data</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Education%2C+Pharmacy%22">Education, Pharmacy*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Retrospective+Studies%22">Retrospective Studies</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Databases%2C+Factual%22">Databases, Factual</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Specialty+Boards%22">Specialty Boards</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Background: Board of Pharmacy Specialties board certification has become a common method of distinguishing pharmacists with advanced expertise in various areas of practice. These certifications are an important achievement for the pharmacy workforce, yet the number of new certifications has declined in recent years. Determining if various factors within the education and training pipeline of pharmacists, such as the number of Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.) graduates and the number of pharmacy residency candidate matches, are involved in this decline has not been previously studied.<br />Methods: This study was a retrospective database review correlating numbers of Pharm.D. graduates and Postgraduate Year (PGY) 1 and PGY2 residency candidate matches to new board certifications annually. Data from each database was aligned to Pharm.D. year of graduation from 2015-2023 for analysis. Correlation analysis was performed for both Pharm.D. graduates and residency candidate matches with new board certifications, as well as multivariate analysis of both factors with new board certifications. Pharm.D. graduate and PGY2 residency candidate matches were also analyzed for correlations (individually) and multivariate effects (together) with their respective aligned specialty certifications.<br />Results: The number of Pharm.D. graduates declined over the study time period and showed strong correlations between all new board certifications (r = 0.95, p &lt; 0.001) and new Board-Certified Pharmacotherapy Specialist certifications (r = 0.94, p &lt; 0.001). No significant correlations were found for residency candidate matches (PGY1 or PGY2) and new certifications. Correlation analysis between Pharm.D. graduates and PGY2 residency candidate matches with their aligned specialty certifications showed minimal, if any, significant results.<br />Conclusion: Number of Pharm.D. graduates, but not residency candidate matches, showed significant correlations with new board certifications annually. Reasons for these correlations should be investigated further to determine how Pharm.D. graduate numbers affect certification patterns, and how this can be utilized to increase board certifications in the future.<br /> (© 2026 ACCP Foundation, Ltd.) – Name: Ref Label: References Group: RefInfo Data: Board of Pharmacy Specialties, “About BPS,” accessed June 9, 2026, https://bpsweb.org/about‐bps/.<br />A. Saiar, E. LaNou, Y. Meng, and W. Ellis, “Revisiting the Relationship Between Examination Pass Rate and Eligibility Pathway Among Candidates for Pharmacist Board Certification,” Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 63, no. 6 (2023): 1785–1790, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2023.05.022.<br />Board of Pharmacy Specialties, “Examination Content Outlines,” accessed June 9, 2026, https://bpsweb.org/examination‐content‐outlines/.<br />Board of Pharmacy Specialties, Annual Reports accessed June 9, 2026, https://bpsweb.org/annual‐reports/.<br />American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, “Student Applications, Enrollments and Degrees Conferred Reports,” accessed June 9, 2026, https://www.aacp.org/research/institutional‐research/student‐applications‐enrollments‐and‐degrees‐conferred.<br />National Matching Services Inc, “ASHP Match Statistics,” accessed June 9, 2026, https://natmatch.com/ashprmp/stats.html.<br />American Board of Medical Specialties, “ABMS Board Certification Data,” accessed June 9, 2026, https://www.abms.org/abms‐board‐certification‐data/.<br />Association of American Medical Colleges, “2025 FACTS: Enrollment, Graduates, and MD‐PhD Data,” accessed June 9, 2026, https://www.aamc.org/data‐reports/students‐residents/data/facts‐enrollment‐graduates‐and‐md‐phd.<br />National Resident Matching Program, “Match Data,” accessed June 9, 2026, https://www.nrmp.org/match‐data/.<br />S. See, B. D. Nemecek, S. M. Allen, et al., “Education and Training of Today's Clinical Pharmacist,” JACCP: Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 8, no. 9 (2025): 951–961, https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.70094.<br />American College of Clinial Pharmacy, “Standards of Practice for Clinical Pharmacists,” JACCP: Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 6, no. 10 (2023): 1156–1159, https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1873.<br />J. L. Bauman and S. T. Haines, “Aligning the Oversight of Pharmacy Education, Training, and Board Certification: A Modest Proposal,” JACCP Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 6, no. 1 (2022): 4–5, https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1697.<br />T. D. Sorensen, N. L. Shapiro, N. Benedict, et al., “Recommendations for Aligning PGY2 Pharmacy Residency Training and Pharmacy Specialist Board Certification,” Pharmacotherapy 36, no. 5 (2016): e34–e39, https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.1741.<br />J. P. Engle, J. M. Burke, E. J. Ashjian, et al., “ACCP Clinical Pharmacist Competencies: Advocating Alignment Between Student, Resident, and Practitioner Competencies,” Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 3, no. 1 (2020): 124–132, https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1200.<br />Board of Regents Commentary, “Qualifications of Pharmacists Who Provide Direct Patient Care: Perspectives on the Need for Residency Training and Board Certification,” Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 33, no. 8 (2013): 888–891, https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.1285.<br />S. G. Johnson, T. Muckle, S. Kassam, S. Someshwar, and W. Ellis, “Exploring the Relationship Between Examination Pass Rates and Eligibility Pathways Among Pharmacist Candidates for Initial Board Certification,” Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 59, no. 6 (2019): 792–796, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2019.06.013.<br />M. Z. Roberts, M. M. Manis, J. C. Sebaaly, and E. Tran, “Postgraduate Year Two Pharmacy Residents' Perceptions of Pursuing Board Certification During Residency Training,” JACCP: Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 3, no. 2 (2019): 465–472, https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1179.<br />A. C. Hean, J. Kneebusch, C. Tiefenthaler, and K. C. Lee, “Evaluation of Pharmacy Resident Burnout Based on Weekend Residency Staffing Requirements: A Pilot Study,” Pharmacy 13, no. 6 (2025): 153, https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy13060153.<br />D. Omer, R. K. Barfield, M. Prosser, M. McConnell, C. Caulder, and P. B. Bookstaver, “Landscape of Board Certification Preparation in Pharmacy Residency Programs,” JACCP: Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 6, no. 12 (2023): 1346–1356, https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1883.<br />W. D. Kufel, J. C. Govel, and S. A. Spinler, “Comment on “Landscape of Board Certification Preparation in Pharmacy Residency Programs.”,” JACCP: Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 7, no. 4 (2024): 408–408, https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1943.<br />K. D. Wood, B. H. Mehta, M. C. Pruchnicki, K. Porter, and J. L. Rodis, “Evaluation of Student Pharmacists' Awareness, Perceptions, and Interest in Pursuing Board Certification,” Currents in Pharmacy Teaching & Learning 7, no. 1 (2015): 54–61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2014.09.015.<br />2024 National Pharmacist Workforce Study Executive Summary (Pharmacy Workforce Center, Inc., 2025), 1–14, accessed June 9, 2026, https://www.aacp.org/sites/default/files/2025‐06/2024‐npws‐executive‐summary‐5.27.25.pdf.<br />Board of Pharmacy Specialties, “BPS Announces Continuous Testing Transition With Four Specialties Beginning in 2023,” accessed June 9, 2026, https://bpsweb.org/2022/07/06/bps‐announces‐continuous‐testing‐transition‐with‐four‐specialties‐beginning‐in‐2023/.<br />G. Shaw, Why are Fewer Pharmacy Residents Completing Their Training? (Pharmacy Practice News, 2025), accessed June 9, 2026, https://www.pharmacypracticenews.com/Operations‐and‐Management/Article/07‐25/Why‐are‐Fewer‐Pharmacy‐Residents‐Completing‐Their‐Training/77589. – Name: SubjectMinor Label: Contributed Indexing Group: Data: <i>Keywords: </i>certification; health workforce; internship and residency – Name: DateEntry Label: Entry Date(s) Group: Date Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20260902 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260902 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260902 – Name: DateUpdate Label: Update Code Group: Date Data: 20260902 – Name: DOI Label: DOI Group: ID Data: 10.1002/jac5.70280 – Name: AN Label: PMID Group: ID Data: 42683629 |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1002/jac5.70280 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: StartPage: e70280 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Retrospective Studies Type: general – SubjectFull: Humans Type: general – SubjectFull: Databases, Factual Type: general – SubjectFull: Specialty Boards Type: general – SubjectFull: Certification statistics & numerical data Type: general – SubjectFull: Pharmacy Residencies statistics & numerical data Type: general – SubjectFull: Pharmacy Residencies standards Type: general – SubjectFull: Pharmacists standards Type: general – SubjectFull: Pharmacists statistics & numerical data Type: general – SubjectFull: Education, Pharmacy, Graduate statistics & numerical data Type: general – SubjectFull: Education, Pharmacy Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Multi-Source Retrospective Analysis Exploring the "Pipeline" Relationship Between Pharmacist Board Certifications, Number of Pharm.D. Graduates, and Pharmacy Residency Candidates Matched. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Silvia R – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: LaNou E – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Schroader J – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Lawson B IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 09 Text: 2026 Sep Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-electronic Value: 2574-9870 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 9 – Type: issue Value: 9 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP Type: main |
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