Academic Journal
Effect of a 6-month low-carbohydrate diet on the circulating fatty acid composition in patients with type 2 diabetes: a secondary analysis of an open-label randomized controlled trial.
| Τίτλος: | Effect of a 6-month low-carbohydrate diet on the circulating fatty acid composition in patients with type 2 diabetes: a secondary analysis of an open-label randomized controlled trial. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Rasmussen JLP; Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark., Gram-Kampmann EM; Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark., Stidsen JV; Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark., Hansen CD; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark., Krag A; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark., Olsen MH; Department of Internal Medicine 1, Steno Diabetes Center Zealand, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark., Beck-Nielsen H; Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark., Handberg A; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark., Højlund K; Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. Electronic address: kurt.hoejlund@rsyd.dk. |
| Πηγή: | The American journal of clinical nutrition [Am J Clin Nutr] 2026 Sep; Vol. 124 (3), pp. 101400. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 14. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0376027 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1938-3207 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00029165 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Clin Nutr Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: 2023- : [New York, NY] : Elsevier Original Publication: Bethesda, MD : American Society of Clinical Nutrition |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/diet therapy , Fatty Acids*/blood , Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted*, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/blood ; Phospholipids/blood ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Male ; Aged ; Energy Intake |
| Περίληψη: | Background: Circulating fatty acid profiles are linked to cardiovascular disease risk and mortality. Short-term interventions suggest that low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) promote cardioprotective shifts in circulating fatty acids in obesity. Objectives: We examined whether a 6-mo, non-calorie-restricted, LCD high in fat similarly improves circulating fatty acid composition in adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In an open-label, randomized, controlled trial, 71 individuals with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned 2:1 to an LCD [maximum of 20 E% (energy per cent) carbohydrates] or a control diet (50-60 E% carbohydrates) for 6 mo with no restriction in energy intake. The prespecified secondary outcomes were the mean difference in change between groups in serum phospholipid fatty acids in weight percentage (wt%) measured by gas chromatography and reported as 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and significance adjusted for multiple comparisons (q value). Results: LCD reduced total saturated [-0.6 (CI: -0.9, -0.2)] and monounsaturated fatty acids [-0.9 (CI: -1.4, -0.3)] and increased total polyunsaturated fatty acids [1.3 (CI: 0.6, 2.0)] compared with the control diet (all q < 0.05). Importantly, LCD reduced palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) [-0.13 (CI: -0.21, -0.06)], a marker of de novo lipogenesis, by 23% and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n-6) [-0.38 (CI: -0.67, -0.09)] by 12%, whereas it increased arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) [1.1 (CI: 0.3, 2.0)] by 9% compared with the control diet (all q < 0.05). Moreover, the LCD improved estimated desaturase activities by lowering stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 [-0.5 (CI: -0.7, -0.2)] and Δ6 desaturase [-0.6 (CI: -0.9, -0.2)] and increasing Δ5 desaturase [1.05 (CI: 0.3, 1.79)] activities, respectively (all q < 0.01). These changes occurred despite a 2.6-fold higher intake of saturated fatty acids in the LCD group. Conclusions: A 6-mo, non-calorie-restricted LCD modified the circulating composition of fatty acids in adults with type 2 diabetes in a manner consistent with a potentially favorable cardioprotective profile. This trial was registered at www. Clinicaltrials: gov as NCT03068078. (Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Conflict of interest The authors report no conflicts of interest. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: cardiovascular diseases; fatty acid composition; low-carbohydrate diet; randomized controlled trial; type 2 diabetes |
| Molecular Sequence: | ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03068078 |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Fatty Acids) 0 (Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated) 0 (Phospholipids) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260901 Date Completed: 20260901 Latest Revision: 20260901 |
| Update Code: | 20260902 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2026.101400 |
| PMID: | 42680257 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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