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Effectiveness of a Small Private Online Course in Sexual Health Communication for Registered Nurses: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

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Τίτλος: Effectiveness of a Small Private Online Course in Sexual Health Communication for Registered Nurses: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Συγγραφείς: Chang HT; Bachelor Program in Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.; Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan., Tsai JL; School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan., Lin CT; Nursing Department, New Taipei City Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.; Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan., Huang DH; Institute of Creative Design and Management, National Taipei University of Business, Taipei, Taiwan., Chen GW; Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan., Chang NT; Nursing Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan., Lee Y; Ministry of Health and Welfare Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan., Lee JT; Nursing Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Πηγή: The journal of nursing research : JNR [J Nurs Res] 2026 Oct 01; Vol. 34 (5), pp. e479. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Oct 01.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: China (Republic : 1949- ) NLM ID: 101128757 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1948-965X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16823141 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Nurs Res Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: March 2009- : Hagerstown, MD : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Original Publication: Taipei, Taiwan, ROC : Taiwan Nurses Association, [2001-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Sexual Health*/education , Education, Distance*/methods , Education, Distance*/standards , Nurses*/psychology , Nurses*/statistics & numerical data , Communication*, Education, Nursing, Continuing/methods ; Education, Nursing, Continuing/standards ; Humans ; Female ; Taiwan ; Adult ; Prospective Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged
Περίληψη: Background: Small Private Online Courses (SPOCs) apply a small-group, blended learning format to facilitate instructor-learner interactions. SPOCs are ideal for time-limited learners in clinical settings.
Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of using an SPOC-based course with a sample of nurses in terms of enhancing their knowledge and reducing their perceived barriers to sexual health communication.
Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted at a teaching hospital in northern Taiwan. One hundred fifty in-service nurses were recruited and randomly assigned to either the control group ( n = 75), which received the standard in-service nursing education program, or the intervention group ( n = 75), which received the SPOC-based program in sexual health communication in addition to the standard education program. The intervention group completed five 15-minute online courses followed by a 2-hr offline course. Primary outcomes (sexual health care attitudes and perceived barriers to discussing sexuality) and a secondary outcome (frequency of engaging in sexual health communication with patients) were assessed at baseline (pretest, T1) and at 1 and 3 months after module completion (T2 and T3, respectively). Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze between-group differences in pretest-posttest changes.
Results: All 150 participants completed the baseline assessment; attrition occurred at the 1- and 3-month follow-ups. No participants were lost at baseline; however, follow-up attrition occurred at T2 and T3. Changes over time from baseline in attitudes toward sexual health communication and perceived barriers to discussing sexual health were significantly greater in the intervention group than in the control group. Importantly, the percentage of intervention group participants engaging in discussions with patients about sexual health increased from baseline to T2 and from T2 to T3, while no similar change over time was observed for the control group.
Conclusions: The significant improvements reported for the intervention group demonstrate that cost-effective learning outcomes are achievable in spite of significant time and resource limitations. This was the first time SPOC-based learning has been used in the context of nursing education to improve sexual communication. The findings of this study suggest this format is suitable for a broader range of courses.
(Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, LLC. on behalf of the Taiwan Nurses Association.)
Competing Interests: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
References: J Sex Med. 2012 Apr;9(4):986-96. (PMID: 21812937)
Patient Educ Couns. 2024 Feb;119:108095. (PMID: 38070298)
J Clin Nurs. 2019 Oct;28(19-20):3556-3566. (PMID: 31165516)
Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. 2010 Jul;8(7):604-12. (PMID: 20619135)
Am J Health Promot. 1997 Sep-Oct;12(1):38-48. (PMID: 10170434)
Med Sci Educ. 2021 Feb 24;31(2):615-626. (PMID: 33649712)
Int J Nurs Stud. 2011 Dec;48(12):1522-32. (PMID: 21855066)
BMC Med Educ. 2022 Dec 3;22(1):835. (PMID: 36463142)
Campbell Syst Rev. 2025 Mar 11;21(1):e70028. (PMID: 40071104)
J Nurs Res. 2023 Jun 01;31(3):e277. (PMID: 37167613)
Nurse Educ Today. 2020 Apr 3;90:104425. (PMID: 32311666)
J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2024 Jan-Feb;30(1):17-29. (PMID: 34533070)
Nurse Educ Today. 2023 Jul;126:105823. (PMID: 37080013)
J Adolesc Health. 2025 Mar;76(3):463-474. (PMID: 39692683)
BMC Med Educ. 2023 Dec 7;23(1):926. (PMID: 38062394)
J Sch Health. 2019 Oct;89(10):847-859. (PMID: 31397903)
Comput Inform Nurs. 2016 Jan;34(1):17-25; quiz 55. (PMID: 26535768)
Nurs Rep. 2021 Apr 16;11(2):253-266. (PMID: 34968203)
J Adv Nurs. 2023 Dec;79(12):4648-4659. (PMID: 37358051)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: attitudes; communication; health knowledge; nursing education; randomized controlled trial; sexual health
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260828 Date Completed: 20260923 Latest Revision: 20260926
Update Code: 20260926
PubMed Central ID: PMC13608322
DOI: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000751
PMID: 42663184
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Effectiveness of a Small Private Online Course in Sexual Health Communication for Registered Nurses: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chang+HT%22">Chang HT</searchLink>; Bachelor Program in Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.; Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tsai+JL%22">Tsai JL</searchLink>; School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lin+CT%22">Lin CT</searchLink>; Nursing Department, New Taipei City Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.; Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Huang+DH%22">Huang DH</searchLink>; Institute of Creative Design and Management, National Taipei University of Business, Taipei, Taiwan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chen+GW%22">Chen GW</searchLink>; Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chang+NT%22">Chang NT</searchLink>; Nursing Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lee+Y%22">Lee Y</searchLink>; Ministry of Health and Welfare Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lee+JT%22">Lee JT</searchLink>; Nursing Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101128757%22">The journal of nursing research : JNR</searchLink> [J Nurs Res] 2026 Oct 01; Vol. 34 (5), pp. e479. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Oct 01.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Sexual+Health%22">Sexual Health*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Sexual+Health+education%22">education</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Education%2C+Distance%22">Education, Distance*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Education%2C+Distance+methods%22">methods</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Education%2C+Distance%22">Education, Distance*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Education%2C+Distance+standards%22">standards</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Nurses%22">Nurses*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Nurses+psychology%22">psychology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Nurses%22">Nurses*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Nurses+statistics+%26+numerical+data%22">statistics & numerical data</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Communication%22">Communication*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Education%2C+Nursing%2C+Continuing%22">Education, Nursing, Continuing</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Education%2C+Nursing%2C+Continuing+methods%22">methods</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Education%2C+Nursing%2C+Continuing%22">Education, Nursing, Continuing</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Education%2C+Nursing%2C+Continuing+standards%22">standards</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Female%22">Female</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Taiwan%22">Taiwan</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Adult%22">Adult</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Prospective+Studies%22">Prospective Studies</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Male%22">Male</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Middle+Aged%22">Middle Aged</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Small Private Online Courses (SPOCs) apply a small-group, blended learning format to facilitate instructor-learner interactions. SPOCs are ideal for time-limited learners in clinical settings.<br />Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of using an SPOC-based course with a sample of nurses in terms of enhancing their knowledge and reducing their perceived barriers to sexual health communication.<br />Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted at a teaching hospital in northern Taiwan. One hundred fifty in-service nurses were recruited and randomly assigned to either the control group ( n = 75), which received the standard in-service nursing education program, or the intervention group ( n = 75), which received the SPOC-based program in sexual health communication in addition to the standard education program. The intervention group completed five 15-minute online courses followed by a 2-hr offline course. Primary outcomes (sexual health care attitudes and perceived barriers to discussing sexuality) and a secondary outcome (frequency of engaging in sexual health communication with patients) were assessed at baseline (pretest, T1) and at 1 and 3 months after module completion (T2 and T3, respectively). Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze between-group differences in pretest-posttest changes.<br />Results: All 150 participants completed the baseline assessment; attrition occurred at the 1- and 3-month follow-ups. No participants were lost at baseline; however, follow-up attrition occurred at T2 and T3. Changes over time from baseline in attitudes toward sexual health communication and perceived barriers to discussing sexual health were significantly greater in the intervention group than in the control group. Importantly, the percentage of intervention group participants engaging in discussions with patients about sexual health increased from baseline to T2 and from T2 to T3, while no similar change over time was observed for the control group.<br />Conclusions: The significant improvements reported for the intervention group demonstrate that cost-effective learning outcomes are achievable in spite of significant time and resource limitations. This was the first time SPOC-based learning has been used in the context of nursing education to improve sexual communication. The findings of this study suggest this format is suitable for a broader range of courses.<br /> (Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, LLC. on behalf of the Taiwan Nurses Association.)
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  Label: Competing Interests
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  Data: The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
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  Label: References
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  Data: J Sex Med. 2012 Apr;9(4):986-96. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221812937%22">21812937)</searchLink><br />Patient Educ Couns. 2024 Feb;119:108095. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238070298%22">38070298)</searchLink><br />J Clin Nurs. 2019 Oct;28(19-20):3556-3566. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231165516%22">31165516)</searchLink><br />Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. 2010 Jul;8(7):604-12. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2220619135%22">20619135)</searchLink><br />Am J Health Promot. 1997 Sep-Oct;12(1):38-48. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210170434%22">10170434)</searchLink><br />Med Sci Educ. 2021 Feb 24;31(2):615-626. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233649712%22">33649712)</searchLink><br />Int J Nurs Stud. 2011 Dec;48(12):1522-32. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221855066%22">21855066)</searchLink><br />BMC Med Educ. 2022 Dec 3;22(1):835. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236463142%22">36463142)</searchLink><br />Campbell Syst Rev. 2025 Mar 11;21(1):e70028. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240071104%22">40071104)</searchLink><br />J Nurs Res. 2023 Jun 01;31(3):e277. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237167613%22">37167613)</searchLink><br />Nurse Educ Today. 2020 Apr 3;90:104425. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232311666%22">32311666)</searchLink><br />J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2024 Jan-Feb;30(1):17-29. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234533070%22">34533070)</searchLink><br />Nurse Educ Today. 2023 Jul;126:105823. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237080013%22">37080013)</searchLink><br />J Adolesc Health. 2025 Mar;76(3):463-474. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239692683%22">39692683)</searchLink><br />BMC Med Educ. 2023 Dec 7;23(1):926. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238062394%22">38062394)</searchLink><br />J Sch Health. 2019 Oct;89(10):847-859. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231397903%22">31397903)</searchLink><br />Comput Inform Nurs. 2016 Jan;34(1):17-25; quiz 55. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226535768%22">26535768)</searchLink><br />Nurs Rep. 2021 Apr 16;11(2):253-266. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234968203%22">34968203)</searchLink><br />J Adv Nurs. 2023 Dec;79(12):4648-4659. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237358051%22">37358051)</searchLink>
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