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LR3-LI4 needling side and configuration are associated with phase-specific cortical activation and network organization: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study in healthy adults.

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Τίτλος: LR3-LI4 needling side and configuration are associated with phase-specific cortical activation and network organization: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study in healthy adults.
Συγγραφείς: Xie Y; The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.; The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China., Ouyang H; The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China., Zhang X; The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China., Zheng X; The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China., Liang H; The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China., Fu W; The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.; Department of Acupuncture, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
Πηγή: Frontiers in neurology [Front Neurol] 2026 Aug 13; Vol. 17, pp. 1815369. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 13 (Print Publication: 2026).
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101546899 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1664-2295 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16642295 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Neurol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: [Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation, 2010]-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Acupuncture Therapy*/methods , Cerebral Cortex*/physiology , Cerebral Cortex*/diagnostic imaging , Functional Laterality*/physiology , Nerve Net*/physiology , Nerve Net*/diagnostic imaging , Acupuncture Points*, Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Somatosensory Cortex/physiology ; Somatosensory Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
Περίληψη: Background: Whether dominant-side, non-dominant-side, or bilateral acupuncture produces comparable cortical activation remains unresolved. This study compared phase-specific cortical hemodynamic responses across these configurations at LR3-LI4 using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).
Methods: In total, 53 healthy right-handed adults were randomized to dominant-side acupuncture (DS, n = 13), bilateral (BI, n = 15), non-dominant-side stimulation (NDS, n = 14), or sham (SH, n = 11). Cortical activity was measured across bilateral prefrontal, motor, and somatosensory regions during baseline, needle retention, and post-removal sessions. Functional connectivity and graph-theoretic metrics were analyzed as complementary network-level outcomes.
Results: During retention, DS showed greater left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and frontopolar area oxygenated hemoglobin (FPA HbO) activation than BI (DLPFC: mean difference = 0.110, 95% CI 0.036 to 0.184, p = 0.005; FPA: 0.146, 95% CI 0.044 to 0.248, p = 0.007) and SH (DLPFC: 0.070, p = 0.040; FPA: 0.114, p = 0.034). NDS showed limited prefrontal effects but greater right S1 activation than BI (mean difference = 0.179, 95% CI 0.079 to 0.279, p < 0.001). BI exhibited biphasic somatosensory responses, with initial right S1 deactivation during retention (t = -2.944, p = 0.010) followed by post-removal rebound (t = 3.188, p = 0.006). Functional connectivity analysis suggested configuration-specific associative patterns: DS showed dynamic frontoparietal-somatosensory coupling, BI showed delayed frontoparietal-motor connectivity enhancement, and NDS showed delayed cross-hemispheric sensorimotor coupling. All active groups showed enhanced bilateral FPA and right DLPFC-FPA connectivity compared with SH post-removal (F = 3.207, p = 0.031; F = 3.189, p = 0.031). Graph analysis further indicated phase-related network reorganization, with significant effects for global efficiency (FDR p = 0.021) and clustering coefficient (FDR p = 0.024).
Conclusion: In healthy right-handed adults, LR3-LI4 needling configuration was associated with distinct phase-specific cortical response patterns. DS was associated with greater retention-phase prefrontal HbO activation than BI; NDS showed a more somatosensory-dominant pattern, and BI showed attenuated retention-phase responses followed by post-removal network changes. These findings provide short-term neurophysiological evidence that the needling side may influence cortical responses, but they do not establish clinical superiority. Patient-based studies are needed to determine whether these cortical signatures predict therapeutic outcomes.
(Copyright © 2026 Xie, Ouyang, Zhang, Zheng, Liang and Fu.)
Competing Interests: The author(s) declared that this work was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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Neuroimage. 2010 Sep;52(3):1059-69. (PMID: 19819337)
J Altern Complement Med. 2009 Nov;15(11):1193-200. (PMID: 19922250)
Behav Res Methods. 2007 May;39(2):175-91. (PMID: 17695343)
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PLoS One. 2022 Nov 21;17(11):e0276814. (PMID: 36409734)
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Contributed Indexing: Keywords: LR3-LI4; acupuncture; cortical activation; dominant-side needling; functional connectivity; functional near-infrared spectroscopy; laterality
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260828 Date Completed: 20260828 Latest Revision: 20260911
Update Code: 20260911
PubMed Central ID: PMC13518510
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2026.1815369
PMID: 42661774
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: LR3-LI4 needling side and configuration are associated with phase-specific cortical activation and network organization: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study in healthy adults.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Xie+Y%22&quot;&gt;Xie Y&lt;/searchLink&gt;; The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.; The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Ouyang+H%22&quot;&gt;Ouyang H&lt;/searchLink&gt;; The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Zhang+X%22&quot;&gt;Zhang X&lt;/searchLink&gt;; The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Zheng+X%22&quot;&gt;Zheng X&lt;/searchLink&gt;; The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Liang+H%22&quot;&gt;Liang H&lt;/searchLink&gt;; The Fifth Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Fu+W%22&quot;&gt;Fu W&lt;/searchLink&gt;; The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.; Department of Acupuncture, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22101546899%22&quot;&gt;Frontiers in neurology&lt;/searchLink&gt; [Front Neurol] 2026 Aug 13; Vol. 17, pp. 1815369. &lt;i&gt;Date of Electronic Publication: &lt;/i&gt;2026 Aug 13 (&lt;i&gt;Print Publication: &lt;/i&gt;2026).
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Whether dominant-side, non-dominant-side, or bilateral acupuncture produces comparable cortical activation remains unresolved. This study compared phase-specific cortical hemodynamic responses across these configurations at LR3-LI4 using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).&lt;br /&gt;Methods: In total, 53 healthy right-handed adults were randomized to dominant-side acupuncture (DS, n = 13), bilateral (BI, n = 15), non-dominant-side stimulation (NDS, n = 14), or sham (SH, n = 11). Cortical activity was measured across bilateral prefrontal, motor, and somatosensory regions during baseline, needle retention, and post-removal sessions. Functional connectivity and graph-theoretic metrics were analyzed as complementary network-level outcomes.&lt;br /&gt;Results: During retention, DS showed greater left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and frontopolar area oxygenated hemoglobin (FPA HbO) activation than BI (DLPFC: mean difference = 0.110, 95% CI 0.036 to 0.184, p = 0.005; FPA: 0.146, 95% CI 0.044 to 0.248, p = 0.007) and SH (DLPFC: 0.070, p = 0.040; FPA: 0.114, p = 0.034). NDS showed limited prefrontal effects but greater right S1 activation than BI (mean difference = 0.179, 95% CI 0.079 to 0.279, p &amp;lt; 0.001). BI exhibited biphasic somatosensory responses, with initial right S1 deactivation during retention (t = -2.944, p = 0.010) followed by post-removal rebound (t = 3.188, p = 0.006). Functional connectivity analysis suggested configuration-specific associative patterns: DS showed dynamic frontoparietal-somatosensory coupling, BI showed delayed frontoparietal-motor connectivity enhancement, and NDS showed delayed cross-hemispheric sensorimotor coupling. All active groups showed enhanced bilateral FPA and right DLPFC-FPA connectivity compared with SH post-removal (F = 3.207, p = 0.031; F = 3.189, p = 0.031). Graph analysis further indicated phase-related network reorganization, with significant effects for global efficiency (FDR p = 0.021) and clustering coefficient (FDR p = 0.024).&lt;br /&gt;Conclusion: In healthy right-handed adults, LR3-LI4 needling configuration was associated with distinct phase-specific cortical response patterns. DS was associated with greater retention-phase prefrontal HbO activation than BI; NDS showed a more somatosensory-dominant pattern, and BI showed attenuated retention-phase responses followed by post-removal network changes. These findings provide short-term neurophysiological evidence that the needling side may influence cortical responses, but they do not establish clinical superiority. Patient-based studies are needed to determine whether these cortical signatures predict therapeutic outcomes.&lt;br /&gt; (Copyright &#169; 2026 Xie, Ouyang, Zhang, Zheng, Liang and Fu.)
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: The author(s) declared that this work was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
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– Name: SubjectMinor
  Label: Contributed Indexing
  Group:
  Data: &lt;i&gt;Keywords: &lt;/i&gt;LR3-LI4; acupuncture; cortical activation; dominant-side needling; functional connectivity; functional near-infrared spectroscopy; laterality
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date(s)
  Group: Date
  Data: &lt;i&gt;Date Created: &lt;/i&gt;20260828 &lt;i&gt;Date Completed: &lt;/i&gt;20260828 &lt;i&gt;Latest Revision: &lt;/i&gt;20260911
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  Label: Update Code
  Group: Date
  Data: 20260911
– Name: PubmedCentralID
  Label: PubMed Central ID
  Group: ID
  Data: PMC13518510
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.3389/fneur.2026.1815369
– Name: AN
  Label: PMID
  Group: ID
  Data: 42661774
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=cmedm&AN=42661774
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3389/fneur.2026.1815369
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        StartPage: 1815369
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex diagnostic imaging
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Somatosensory Cortex physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Somatosensory Cortex diagnostic imaging
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Adult
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Female
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Humans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Male
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Young Adult
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Acupuncture Therapy methods
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cerebral Cortex physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cerebral Cortex diagnostic imaging
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Functional Laterality physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nerve Net physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nerve Net diagnostic imaging
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Acupuncture Points
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: LR3-LI4 needling side and configuration are associated with phase-specific cortical activation and network organization: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study in healthy adults.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Xie Y
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Ouyang H
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Zhang X
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Zheng X
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Liang H
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Fu W
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 13
              M: 08
              Text: 2026 Aug 13
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1664-2295
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 17
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Frontiers in neurology
              Type: main
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