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HPGe-based radiological baseline and uncertainty-propagated external exposure screening of beach sands from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.

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Τίτλος: HPGe-based radiological baseline and uncertainty-propagated external exposure screening of beach sands from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.
Συγγραφείς: Neves LA; Nuclear Engineering Program, COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Rodrigues RL; Nuclear Engineering Program, COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., da Cruz MM; Nuclear Engineering Program, COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Orejuela COP; Nuclear Engineering Program, COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Dos Santos JO; Nuclear Engineering Program, COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., da Silva LB; Nuclear Engineering Program, COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., da Silva AX; Nuclear Engineering Program, COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Πηγή: Journal of radiological protection : official journal of the Society for Radiological Protection [J Radiol Prot] 2026 Sep 07; Vol. 46 (3). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 07.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: IOP Pub. Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8809257 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1361-6498 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09524746 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Radiol Prot Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: [Bristol, UK] : IOP Pub. Ltd., [c1988-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Radiation Monitoring*/methods , Soil Pollutants, Radioactive*/analysis , Sand* , Bathing Beaches*, Thorium/analysis ; Potassium Radioisotopes/analysis ; Radium/analysis ; Brazil ; Spectrometry, Gamma ; Uncertainty ; Radiation Dosage
Περίληψη: Beach sands may contain elevated concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides because of sediment provenance, hydraulic sorting and local accumulation of heavy minerals. This study establishes an HPGe-based radiological baseline for beach sands from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, and evaluates external gamma exposure through an uncertainty-propagated screening approach. Forty-seven surface sand samples were collected from recreational beach sectors and analysed by high-purity germanium gamma-ray spectrometry. Activity concentrations of226Ra,228Ra,228Th and40K were determined, and their reported analytical uncertainties were propagated to derived exposure quantities. To avoid double counting when applying a conventional whole-series thorium dose coefficient, a central232Th-series screening equivalent was calculated as the arithmetic mean of the228Ra and228Th indicators. Sensitivity calculations using228Ra alone and228Th alone were also performed. Activity concentrations ranged from 1.10 to 1408.10 Bq kg-1for226Ra, 0.03-5449.93 Bq kg-1for228Ra, 0.42-6957.21 Bq kg-1for228Th and 2.07-1008.36 Bq kg-1for quantified40K results. Canto was the dominant point-specific anomaly, with a central calculated absorbed dose-rate estimate of 4420 ± 169 nGy h-1. Excluding Canto, the mean absorbed dose rate was 38.6 nGy h-1, whereas the complete-dataset median was 16.8 nGy h-1. Under all three thorium-series assumptions, the same eight sampling points exceeded the comparative outdoor value of 55 nGy h-1and only Canto exceeded 1 mSv y-1under the frequent local-use scenario. All short-term tourist-use estimates remained below 0.3 mSv y-1. The 55 nGy h-1value is used only for comparison and not as a regulatory or action level. Most sampling points therefore represent lower-priority external gamma exposure conditions, whereas a limited number of local anomalies require confirmatory sampling, in situ dose-rate mapping and mineralogical characterisation before any beach-wide radiological protection conclusion is drawn.
(© 2026 Society for Radiological Protection. Published on behalf of SRP by IOP Publishing Limited. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: HPGe gamma spectrometry; beach sand; external exposure; natural radioactivity; radiological screening; radium; thorium series
Substance Nomenclature: 60YU5MIG9W (Thorium)
0 (Sand)
0 (Soil Pollutants, Radioactive)
0 (Potassium Radioisotopes)
W90AYD6R3Q (Radium)
PJ44V7L07A (Radium-226)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260826 Date Completed: 20260907 Latest Revision: 20260907
Update Code: 20260907
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ae9ed4
PMID: 42648315
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
FullText Text:
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DbLabel: MEDLINE
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: HPGe-based radiological baseline and uncertainty-propagated external exposure screening of beach sands from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Neves+LA%22">Neves LA</searchLink>; Nuclear Engineering Program, COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rodrigues+RL%22">Rodrigues RL</searchLink>; Nuclear Engineering Program, COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22da+Cruz+MM%22">da Cruz MM</searchLink>; Nuclear Engineering Program, COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Orejuela+COP%22">Orejuela COP</searchLink>; Nuclear Engineering Program, COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dos+Santos+JO%22">Dos Santos JO</searchLink>; Nuclear Engineering Program, COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22da+Silva+LB%22">da Silva LB</searchLink>; Nuclear Engineering Program, COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22da+Silva+AX%22">da Silva AX</searchLink>; Nuclear Engineering Program, COPPE Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%228809257%22">Journal of radiological protection : official journal of the Society for Radiological Protection</searchLink> [J Radiol Prot] 2026 Sep 07; Vol. 46 (3). <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Sep 07.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22IOP+Pub%2E+Ltd%22">IOP Pub. Ltd </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>8809257 <i>Publication Model: </i>Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1361-6498 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2209524746%22">09524746 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>J Radiol Prot <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: [Bristol, UK] : IOP Pub. Ltd., [c1988-
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Radiation+Monitoring%22">Radiation Monitoring*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Radiation+Monitoring+methods%22">methods</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Soil+Pollutants%2C+Radioactive%22">Soil Pollutants, Radioactive*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Soil+Pollutants%2C+Radioactive+analysis%22">analysis</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Sand%22">Sand*</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Bathing+Beaches%22">Bathing Beaches*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Thorium%22">Thorium</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Thorium+analysis%22">analysis</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Potassium+Radioisotopes%22">Potassium Radioisotopes</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Potassium+Radioisotopes+analysis%22">analysis</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Radium%22">Radium</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Radium+analysis%22">analysis</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Brazil%22">Brazil</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Spectrometry%2C+Gamma%22">Spectrometry, Gamma</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Uncertainty%22">Uncertainty</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Radiation+Dosage%22">Radiation Dosage</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Beach sands may contain elevated concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides because of sediment provenance, hydraulic sorting and local accumulation of heavy minerals. This study establishes an HPGe-based radiological baseline for beach sands from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, and evaluates external gamma exposure through an uncertainty-propagated screening approach. Forty-seven surface sand samples were collected from recreational beach sectors and analysed by high-purity germanium gamma-ray spectrometry. Activity concentrations of<superscript>226</superscript>Ra,<superscript>228</superscript>Ra,<superscript>228</superscript>Th and<superscript>40</superscript>K were determined, and their reported analytical uncertainties were propagated to derived exposure quantities. To avoid double counting when applying a conventional whole-series thorium dose coefficient, a central<superscript>232</superscript>Th-series screening equivalent was calculated as the arithmetic mean of the<superscript>228</superscript>Ra and<superscript>228</superscript>Th indicators. Sensitivity calculations using<superscript>228</superscript>Ra alone and<superscript>228</superscript>Th alone were also performed. Activity concentrations ranged from 1.10 to 1408.10 Bq kg<superscript>-1</superscript>for<superscript>226</superscript>Ra, 0.03-5449.93 Bq kg<superscript>-1</superscript>for<superscript>228</superscript>Ra, 0.42-6957.21 Bq kg<superscript>-1</superscript>for<superscript>228</superscript>Th and 2.07-1008.36 Bq kg<superscript>-1</superscript>for quantified<superscript>40</superscript>K results. Canto was the dominant point-specific anomaly, with a central calculated absorbed dose-rate estimate of 4420 ± 169 nGy h<superscript>-1</superscript>. Excluding Canto, the mean absorbed dose rate was 38.6 nGy h<superscript>-1</superscript>, whereas the complete-dataset median was 16.8 nGy h<superscript>-1</superscript>. Under all three thorium-series assumptions, the same eight sampling points exceeded the comparative outdoor value of 55 nGy h<superscript>-1</superscript>and only Canto exceeded 1 mSv y<superscript>-1</superscript>under the frequent local-use scenario. All short-term tourist-use estimates remained below 0.3 mSv y<superscript>-1</superscript>. The 55 nGy h<superscript>-1</superscript>value is used only for comparison and not as a regulatory or action level. Most sampling points therefore represent lower-priority external gamma exposure conditions, whereas a limited number of local anomalies require confirmatory sampling, in situ dose-rate mapping and mineralogical characterisation before any beach-wide radiological protection conclusion is drawn.<br /> (© 2026 Society for Radiological Protection. Published on behalf of SRP by IOP Publishing Limited. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.)
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  Label: Contributed Indexing
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>HPGe gamma spectrometry; beach sand; external exposure; natural radioactivity; radiological screening; radium; thorium series
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  Label: Substance Nomenclature
  Group: ID
  Data: 60YU5MIG9W (Thorium)<br />0 (Sand)<br />0 (Soil Pollutants, Radioactive)<br />0 (Potassium Radioisotopes)<br />W90AYD6R3Q (Radium)<br />PJ44V7L07A (Radium-226)
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  Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20260826 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260907 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260907
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  Data: 20260907
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  Data: 10.1088/1361-6498/ae9ed4
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  Data: 42648315
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        Text: English
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Thorium analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Potassium Radioisotopes analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Radium analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Brazil
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spectrometry, Gamma
        Type: general
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      – SubjectFull: Soil Pollutants, Radioactive analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Sand
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      – SubjectFull: Bathing Beaches
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      – TitleFull: HPGe-based radiological baseline and uncertainty-propagated external exposure screening of beach sands from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.
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              Text: 2026 Sep 07
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