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Domain-specific deficits in categorical perception unveil the neural architecture of auditory agnosia in dementia.

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Τίτλος: Domain-specific deficits in categorical perception unveil the neural architecture of auditory agnosia in dementia.
Συγγραφείς: Gao X; Cangzhou Research Centre for Child Language Rehabilitation, Cangzhou Normal University, Hebei, China., Ma D; Chengnan Community Health Service Center, Jingyang District, Deyang, China., Liu R; Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, China., Guo T; Research Center for Language and Cognition, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, China., Dong Z; The Sixth People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China., Yan J; Cangzhou Research Centre for Child Language Rehabilitation, Cangzhou Normal University, Hebei, China., Huang J; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, 518060, PR China. Electronic address: lllhjf@gmail.com.
Πηγή: Hearing research [Hear Res] 2026 Nov; Vol. 481, pp. 109783. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 22.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7900445 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1878-5891 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03785955 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Hear Res Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Amsterdam, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Alzheimer Disease*/psychology , Alzheimer Disease*/physiopathology , Alzheimer Disease*/diagnosis , Alzheimer Disease*/complications , Cognitive Dysfunction*/psychology , Cognitive Dysfunction*/physiopathology , Cognitive Dysfunction*/diagnosis , Agnosia*/psychology , Agnosia*/physiopathology , Agnosia*/diagnosis , Agnosia*/etiology , Auditory Pathways*/physiopathology , Auditory Perception*, Aging/psychology ; Humans ; Acoustic Stimulation ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Aged ; Male ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cues ; Cognition ; Time Factors ; Machine Learning ; Case-Control Studies ; Classification Algorithms
Περίληψη: Auditory processing deficits are a prominent early feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet whether they reflect generalized cognitive slowing or domain-specific neural degradation remains unclear. This study combined a categorical perception paradigm with high-temporal-resolution electroencephalography (EEG) to evaluate neural responses to distinct combinations of acoustic cues, rapid temporal dynamics (consonants) versus stable spectral configurations (lexical tones), across a continuum of healthy aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD. Rather than a monolithic functional loss, behavioral analysis revealed a differential vulnerability: while psychomotor slowing was global, categorical precision collapsed specifically for rapid consonant cues but remained remarkably resilient for tones. Neurophysiologically, this divergence was underpinned by a distinct trajectory transitioning from successful compensatory hyper-activation in normal aging to a state of inefficient hyper-activation in clinical cohorts, characterized by sustained P300 amplitudes but severe temporal processing delays. Crucially, we demonstrated the clinical utility of these domain-specific electrophysiological signatures using a fivefold cross-validated machine learning approach. Advanced classification algorithms, notably the gradient boosting machine (GBM), distinguished participants with MCI from cognitively normal older adults with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.836. These findings reframe auditory deficits in dementia as a nuanced erosion of specific neural codes and highlight the efficacy of interpretable, EEG-based neurocomputational tools for the early clinical screening of pre-dementia states.
(Copyright © 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Categorical perception; Neural compensation; Spectrotemporal processing
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260826 Date Completed: 20260929 Latest Revision: 20260929
Update Code: 20260930
DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2026.109783
PMID: 42648141
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Domain-specific deficits in categorical perception unveil the neural architecture of auditory agnosia in dementia.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gao+X%22">Gao X</searchLink>; Cangzhou Research Centre for Child Language Rehabilitation, Cangzhou Normal University, Hebei, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ma+D%22">Ma D</searchLink>; Chengnan Community Health Service Center, Jingyang District, Deyang, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Liu+R%22">Liu R</searchLink>; Deyang People's Hospital, Deyang, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Guo+T%22">Guo T</searchLink>; Research Center for Language and Cognition, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dong+Z%22">Dong Z</searchLink>; The Sixth People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yan+J%22">Yan J</searchLink>; Cangzhou Research Centre for Child Language Rehabilitation, Cangzhou Normal University, Hebei, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Huang+J%22">Huang J</searchLink>; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, 518060, PR China. Electronic address: lllhjf@gmail.com.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Alzheimer+Disease%22">Alzheimer Disease*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Alzheimer+Disease+psychology%22">psychology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Alzheimer+Disease%22">Alzheimer Disease*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Alzheimer+Disease+physiopathology%22">physiopathology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Alzheimer+Disease%22">Alzheimer Disease*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Alzheimer+Disease+diagnosis%22">diagnosis</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Alzheimer+Disease%22">Alzheimer Disease*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Alzheimer+Disease+complications%22">complications</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cognitive+Dysfunction%22">Cognitive Dysfunction*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cognitive+Dysfunction+psychology%22">psychology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cognitive+Dysfunction%22">Cognitive Dysfunction*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cognitive+Dysfunction+physiopathology%22">physiopathology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cognitive+Dysfunction%22">Cognitive Dysfunction*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cognitive+Dysfunction+diagnosis%22">diagnosis</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Agnosia%22">Agnosia*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Agnosia+psychology%22">psychology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Agnosia%22">Agnosia*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Agnosia+physiopathology%22">physiopathology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Agnosia%22">Agnosia*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Agnosia+diagnosis%22">diagnosis</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Agnosia%22">Agnosia*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Agnosia+etiology%22">etiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Auditory+Pathways%22">Auditory Pathways*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Auditory+Pathways+physiopathology%22">physiopathology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Auditory+Perception%22">Auditory Perception*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Aging%22">Aging</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Aging+psychology%22">psychology</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Acoustic+Stimulation%22">Acoustic Stimulation</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Electroencephalography%22">Electroencephalography</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Female%22">Female</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Aged%22">Aged</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Male%22">Male</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Evoked+Potentials%2C+Auditory%22">Evoked Potentials, Auditory</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Aged%2C+80+and+over%22">Aged, 80 and over</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Cues%22">Cues</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Cognition%22">Cognition</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Time+Factors%22">Time Factors</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Machine+Learning%22">Machine Learning</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Case-Control+Studies%22">Case-Control Studies</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Classification+Algorithms%22">Classification Algorithms</searchLink>
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  Data: Auditory processing deficits are a prominent early feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet whether they reflect generalized cognitive slowing or domain-specific neural degradation remains unclear. This study combined a categorical perception paradigm with high-temporal-resolution electroencephalography (EEG) to evaluate neural responses to distinct combinations of acoustic cues, rapid temporal dynamics (consonants) versus stable spectral configurations (lexical tones), across a continuum of healthy aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD. Rather than a monolithic functional loss, behavioral analysis revealed a differential vulnerability: while psychomotor slowing was global, categorical precision collapsed specifically for rapid consonant cues but remained remarkably resilient for tones. Neurophysiologically, this divergence was underpinned by a distinct trajectory transitioning from successful compensatory hyper-activation in normal aging to a state of inefficient hyper-activation in clinical cohorts, characterized by sustained P300 amplitudes but severe temporal processing delays. Crucially, we demonstrated the clinical utility of these domain-specific electrophysiological signatures using a fivefold cross-validated machine learning approach. Advanced classification algorithms, notably the gradient boosting machine (GBM), distinguished participants with MCI from cognitively normal older adults with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.836. These findings reframe auditory deficits in dementia as a nuanced erosion of specific neural codes and highlight the efficacy of interpretable, EEG-based neurocomputational tools for the early clinical screening of pre-dementia states.<br /> (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Alzheimer’s disease; Categorical perception; Neural compensation; Spectrotemporal processing
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        Value: 10.1016/j.heares.2026.109783
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Humans
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      – SubjectFull: Classification Algorithms
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      – SubjectFull: Alzheimer Disease psychology
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      – SubjectFull: Alzheimer Disease physiopathology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Alzheimer Disease diagnosis
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      – SubjectFull: Auditory Pathways physiopathology
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      – SubjectFull: Auditory Perception
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      – TitleFull: Domain-specific deficits in categorical perception unveil the neural architecture of auditory agnosia in dementia.
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