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Barcoded mutant library enables high-throughput functional genomics in a filamentous fungus.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: Barcoded mutant library enables high-throughput functional genomics in a filamentous fungus.
Συγγραφείς: Huberman LB; Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720., Villalobos-Escobedo JM; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720.; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division/Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720.; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, NL 64700, México., Skerker JM; Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720., Shi R; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720., Rico-Ramírez AM; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720., Adams CA; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720.; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division/Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720., Arkin AP; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division/Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720.; Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720., Deutschbauer AM; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720.; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division/Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720., Glass NL; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720.; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division/Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720.
Πηγή: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2026 Sep; Vol. 123 (35), pp. e2616888123. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 25.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: National Academy of Sciences Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7505876 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1091-6490 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00278424 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Washington, DC : National Academy of Sciences
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Genomics*/methods , Trichoderma*/genetics , Fungi*/genetics , Gene Library* , Mutation*, Agrobacterium tumefaciens/genetics ; Genome, Fungal ; Mutagenesis, Insertional
Περίληψη: Advances in sequencing technology enabling rapid and inexpensive whole-genome sequencing highlight how few genes are functionally characterized. This problem is particularly acute in filamentous fungi, where even in the best studied organisms upward of half of genes are poorly characterized or unannotated. High-throughput tools to identify gene function exist for single-celled organisms, like yeast and bacteria. However, filamentous fungi present challenges to high-throughput gene characterization, including low transformation efficiency and multinucleate cells. Filamentous fungi are critical components of nutrient cycling in ecosystems, form symbioses with plants that improve nutrient uptake, and are devastating human, plant, and animal pathogens causing millions of deaths and substantial crop loss each year. Thus, it is critical to overcome challenges to rapid gene characterization in filamentous fungi. We generated a library of hundreds of millions of uniquely barcoded plasmids containing a broad host-range drug resistance marker for ectopic insertion into filamentous fungal genomes by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. We then optimized A. tumefaciens mediated transformation of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma atroviride and made an insertional mutagenesis library containing 83,311 barcoded insertions, disrupting 5,331 of 11,863 predicted genes. This library enables high-throughput screens to rapidly connect genotype to phenotype. Quantifying relative barcode abundance in the pooled library before and after exposure to experimental conditions identified candidate genes and recovered known pathway components in amino acid biosynthetic, fructose utilization, and xylose utilization pathways. This resource establishes a scalable platform for high-throughput functional genomics in filamentous fungi, enabling investigations of fungal biology to improve medical outcomes, biotechnology, and sustainable agriculture.
Competing Interests: Competing interests statement:Reviewers D.B.-P. and R.B.B. were co-authors on a state of the field summary manuscript in 2025 with co-author N.L.G.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Mar;80(6):1730-4. (PMID: 6300872)
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Mar 17;117(11):6003-6013. (PMID: 32111691)
Eukaryot Cell. 2012 Apr;11(4):482-93. (PMID: 22345350)
Nat Biotechnol. 1998 Sep;16(9):839-42. (PMID: 9743116)
J Mol Biol. 1990 Oct 5;215(3):403-10. (PMID: 2231712)
Lancet Infect Dis. 2024 Jul;24(7):e428-e438. (PMID: 38224705)
Methods Enzymol. 1992;216:447-57. (PMID: 1479914)
Mol Syst Biol. 2013 Apr 16;9:660. (PMID: 23591776)
Mol Microbiol. 2018 Feb;107(3):277-297. (PMID: 29197127)
mSystems. 2019 Dec 17;4(6):. (PMID: 31848309)
mBio. 2015 May 12;6(3):e00306-15. (PMID: 25968644)
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2013 Oct 01;5(10):a017921. (PMID: 24086046)
Nat Commun. 2024 Jun 11;15(1):4984. (PMID: 38862481)
Curr Protoc Microbiol. 2019 Sep;54(1):e88. (PMID: 31518064)
PLoS Genet. 2018 Jan 11;14(1):e1007147. (PMID: 29324779)
Methods Mol Biol. 2014;1126:97-113. (PMID: 24549658)
Nat Microbiol. 2026 Mar;11(3):815-831. (PMID: 41775999)
Science. 2019 Mar 29;363(6434):1459-1463. (PMID: 30923224)
mBio. 2026 May 13;17(5):e0390725. (PMID: 42007705)
Mol Cell. 2010 Jun 25;38(6):803-14. (PMID: 20417140)
Microb Genom. 2022 Oct;8(10):. (PMID: 36239595)
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023 Aug;107(16):5019-5033. (PMID: 37405433)
Gene. 1990 May 31;90(1):149-51. (PMID: 2165971)
Mol Plant Pathol. 2022 Feb;23(2):265-277. (PMID: 34841640)
Nat Genet. 2007 Apr;39(4):561-5. (PMID: 17353894)
Nature. 2018 May;557(7706):503-509. (PMID: 29769716)
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jul 5;103(27):10352-10357. (PMID: 16801547)
Methods Mol Biol. 2011;722:213-24. (PMID: 21590424)
Nucleic Acids Res. 2014 Jan;42(Database issue):D699-704. (PMID: 24297253)
Bioresour Technol. 2012 Apr;110:572-7. (PMID: 22365717)
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021 Jan 08;8:612832. (PMID: 33585414)
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023 Oct;107(19):5873-5898. (PMID: 37540250)
Elife. 2018 Mar 09;7:. (PMID: 29521624)
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019 Mar;17(3):167-180. (PMID: 30531948)
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2013 Jan;97(1):283-95. (PMID: 23149757)
Eukaryot Cell. 2006 Dec;5(12):2128-37. (PMID: 17056741)
Fungal Genet Biol. 2020 Sep;142:103448. (PMID: 32866613)
Curr Biol. 2011 Sep 27;21(18):R786-93. (PMID: 21959169)
J Fungi (Basel). 2024 Sep 26;10(10):. (PMID: 39452623)
mSystems. 2024 Mar 19;9(3):e0094223. (PMID: 38323821)
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Curr Res Microb Sci. 2026 Apr 15;10:100596. (PMID: 42125417)
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021 Mar;19(3):196-210. (PMID: 33462478)
EMBO J. 1995 Jul 3;14(13):3206-14. (PMID: 7621833)
Mol Microbiol. 1998 Jan;27(1):131-42. (PMID: 9466262)
Microb Cell Fact. 2017 Oct 3;16(1):168. (PMID: 28974205)
Microorganisms. 2022 Jun 08;10(6):. (PMID: 35744698)
Methods Mol Biol. 2014;1116:119-31. (PMID: 24395361)
Eukaryot Cell. 2003 Oct;2(5):867-75. (PMID: 14555469)
PLoS Biol. 2025 May 22;23(5):e3003184. (PMID: 40402997)
Adv Genet. 2007;57:49-96. (PMID: 17352902)
Science. 2025 Sep 25;389(6767):eadt7685. (PMID: 40997176)
Cell. 2008 Jan 25;132(2):311-22. (PMID: 18243105)
Grant Information: R35 GM150926 United States GM NIGMS NIH HHS; R35GM150926 HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); DE-AC02-05CH11231 U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Trichoderma; barcoded mutant library; filamentous fungi; high-throughput functional genomics; high-throughput screen
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260825 Date Completed: 20260825 Latest Revision: 20260904
Update Code: 20260904
PubMed Central ID: PMC13534542
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2616888123
PMID: 42640796
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
FullText Text:
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DbLabel: MEDLINE
An: 42640796
AccessLevel: 3
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Data: Barcoded mutant library enables high-throughput functional genomics in a filamentous fungus.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Huberman+LB%22">Huberman LB</searchLink>; Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Villalobos-Escobedo+JM%22">Villalobos-Escobedo JM</searchLink>; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720.; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division/Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720.; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, NL 64700, México.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Skerker+JM%22">Skerker JM</searchLink>; Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shi+R%22">Shi R</searchLink>; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rico-Ramírez+AM%22">Rico-Ramírez AM</searchLink>; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Adams+CA%22">Adams CA</searchLink>; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720.; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division/Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Arkin+AP%22">Arkin AP</searchLink>; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division/Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720.; Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Deutschbauer+AM%22">Deutschbauer AM</searchLink>; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720.; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division/Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Glass+NL%22">Glass NL</searchLink>; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720.; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division/Biosciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%227505876%22">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</searchLink> [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2026 Sep; Vol. 123 (35), pp. e2616888123. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Aug 25.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22National+Academy+of+Sciences%22">National Academy of Sciences </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>United States <i>NLM ID: </i>7505876 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1091-6490 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2200278424%22">00278424 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Genomics%22">Genomics*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Genomics+methods%22">methods</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Trichoderma%22">Trichoderma*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Trichoderma+genetics%22">genetics</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Fungi%22">Fungi*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Fungi+genetics%22">genetics</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Gene+Library%22">Gene Library*</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Mutation%22">Mutation*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Agrobacterium+tumefaciens%22">Agrobacterium tumefaciens</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Agrobacterium+tumefaciens+genetics%22">genetics</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Genome%2C+Fungal%22">Genome, Fungal</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Mutagenesis%2C+Insertional%22">Mutagenesis, Insertional</searchLink>
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  Data: Advances in sequencing technology enabling rapid and inexpensive whole-genome sequencing highlight how few genes are functionally characterized. This problem is particularly acute in filamentous fungi, where even in the best studied organisms upward of half of genes are poorly characterized or unannotated. High-throughput tools to identify gene function exist for single-celled organisms, like yeast and bacteria. However, filamentous fungi present challenges to high-throughput gene characterization, including low transformation efficiency and multinucleate cells. Filamentous fungi are critical components of nutrient cycling in ecosystems, form symbioses with plants that improve nutrient uptake, and are devastating human, plant, and animal pathogens causing millions of deaths and substantial crop loss each year. Thus, it is critical to overcome challenges to rapid gene characterization in filamentous fungi. We generated a library of hundreds of millions of uniquely barcoded plasmids containing a broad host-range drug resistance marker for ectopic insertion into filamentous fungal genomes by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. We then optimized A. tumefaciens mediated transformation of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma atroviride and made an insertional mutagenesis library containing 83,311 barcoded insertions, disrupting 5,331 of 11,863 predicted genes. This library enables high-throughput screens to rapidly connect genotype to phenotype. Quantifying relative barcode abundance in the pooled library before and after exposure to experimental conditions identified candidate genes and recovered known pathway components in amino acid biosynthetic, fructose utilization, and xylose utilization pathways. This resource establishes a scalable platform for high-throughput functional genomics in filamentous fungi, enabling investigations of fungal biology to improve medical outcomes, biotechnology, and sustainable agriculture.
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: Competing interests statement:Reviewers D.B.-P. and R.B.B. were co-authors on a state of the field summary manuscript in 2025 with co-author N.L.G.
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  Label: References
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(PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233462478%22">33462478)</searchLink><br />EMBO J. 1995 Jul 3;14(13):3206-14. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%227621833%22">7621833)</searchLink><br />Mol Microbiol. 1998 Jan;27(1):131-42. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%229466262%22">9466262)</searchLink><br />Microb Cell Fact. 2017 Oct 3;16(1):168. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228974205%22">28974205)</searchLink><br />Microorganisms. 2022 Jun 08;10(6):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235744698%22">35744698)</searchLink><br />Methods Mol Biol. 2014;1116:119-31. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224395361%22">24395361)</searchLink><br />Eukaryot Cell. 2003 Oct;2(5):867-75. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2214555469%22">14555469)</searchLink><br />PLoS Biol. 2025 May 22;23(5):e3003184. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240402997%22">40402997)</searchLink><br />Adv Genet. 2007;57:49-96. 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  Data: R35 GM150926 United States GM NIGMS NIH HHS; R35GM150926 HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); DE-AC02-05CH11231 U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Trichoderma; barcoded mutant library; filamentous fungi; high-throughput functional genomics; high-throughput screen
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        StartPage: e2616888123
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Agrobacterium tumefaciens genetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Genome, Fungal
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mutagenesis, Insertional
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Genomics methods
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Trichoderma genetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fungi genetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gene Library
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mutation
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Barcoded mutant library enables high-throughput functional genomics in a filamentous fungus.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Huberman LB
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Villalobos-Escobedo JM
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Skerker JM
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Shi R
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Rico-Ramírez AM
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Adams CA
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Arkin AP
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Deutschbauer AM
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Glass NL
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 09
              Text: 2026 Sep
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1091-6490
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 123
            – Type: issue
              Value: 35
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
              Type: main
ResultId 1