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Study on the mechanisms of heavy metal immobilization and migration in the plasma co-melting process of iron-rich hazardous waste fly ash and bottom ash.

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Τίτλος: Study on the mechanisms of heavy metal immobilization and migration in the plasma co-melting process of iron-rich hazardous waste fly ash and bottom ash.
Συγγραφείς: Tang T; Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China., Yang C; Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China., Song H; Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China., Liu H; Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China., Shi H; Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China., Huang Y; Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. Electronic address: heyyj@seu.edu.cn.
Πηγή: Waste management (New York, N.Y.) [Waste Manag] 2026 Oct 30; Vol. 226, pp. 115688. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 24.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Pergamon Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9884362 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-2456 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0956053X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Waste Manag Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: New York : Pergamon Press, c1989-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Metals, Heavy*/chemistry , Metals, Heavy*/analysis , Coal Ash*/chemistry , Hazardous Waste*/analysis, Iron/chemistry ; Vitrification ; Incineration
Περίληψη: Hazardous fly ash (HFA) contains large amounts of toxic heavy metals and poses significant potential risks to the environment. In this study, HFA was co-melted with hazardous bottom ash (HBA) and waste glass (WG) in a plasma system to investigate its vitrification behavior, heavy metal migration, and solidification mechanisms. The results indicate high vitrification efficiency (99.5 %) and ash solidification rate (97.1 %). The original multi-phase crystalline structure transformed into a structure dominated by an amorphous silicate network following plasma melting and rapid cooling. The surface became smoother and denser, and heavy metals were distributed uniformly, indicating enhanced physical encapsulation capacity and a more homogeneous structure. Although a considerable amount of heavy metals remained in the melt product (GP), the leaching concentrations of all detected heavy metals were significantly reduced. BCR results further indicate improved long-term stability of heavy metals. Additionally, the solidification mechanism was elucidated, involving a synergistic process of glass network encapsulation, fixation in iron-rich crystalline phases, and volatilization-redistribution-residual stabilization. As, Pb, and Cu are primarily immobilized in the glass phase, while Cr and Ni are preferentially stabilized in iron-rich spinel/ferrite-like phases; Zn and Mn exhibit dual-host behavior between the glass and crystalline phases. The results demonstrate that plasma co-melting vitrification is an effective method for the detoxification, stabilization, and resource utilization of hazardous incineration residues.
(Copyright © 2026. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Yaji Huang reports financial support was provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Fly ash; Hazardous waste; Heavy metals; Plasma; Vitrification
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Metals, Heavy)
0 (Coal Ash)
0 (Hazardous Waste)
E1UOL152H7 (Iron)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260824 Date Completed: 20260917 Latest Revision: 20260917
Update Code: 20260918
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115688
PMID: 42636623
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Study on the mechanisms of heavy metal immobilization and migration in the plasma co-melting process of iron-rich hazardous waste fly ash and bottom ash.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tang+T%22">Tang T</searchLink>; Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yang+C%22">Yang C</searchLink>; Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Song+H%22">Song H</searchLink>; Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Liu+H%22">Liu H</searchLink>; Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shi+H%22">Shi H</searchLink>; Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Huang+Y%22">Huang Y</searchLink>; Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. Electronic address: heyyj@seu.edu.cn.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%229884362%22">Waste management (New York, N.Y.)</searchLink> [Waste Manag] 2026 Oct 30; Vol. 226, pp. 115688. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Aug 24.
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  Data: Hazardous fly ash (HFA) contains large amounts of toxic heavy metals and poses significant potential risks to the environment. In this study, HFA was co-melted with hazardous bottom ash (HBA) and waste glass (WG) in a plasma system to investigate its vitrification behavior, heavy metal migration, and solidification mechanisms. The results indicate high vitrification efficiency (99.5 %) and ash solidification rate (97.1 %). The original multi-phase crystalline structure transformed into a structure dominated by an amorphous silicate network following plasma melting and rapid cooling. The surface became smoother and denser, and heavy metals were distributed uniformly, indicating enhanced physical encapsulation capacity and a more homogeneous structure. Although a considerable amount of heavy metals remained in the melt product (GP), the leaching concentrations of all detected heavy metals were significantly reduced. BCR results further indicate improved long-term stability of heavy metals. Additionally, the solidification mechanism was elucidated, involving a synergistic process of glass network encapsulation, fixation in iron-rich crystalline phases, and volatilization-redistribution-residual stabilization. As, Pb, and Cu are primarily immobilized in the glass phase, while Cr and Ni are preferentially stabilized in iron-rich spinel/ferrite-like phases; Zn and Mn exhibit dual-host behavior between the glass and crystalline phases. The results demonstrate that plasma co-melting vitrification is an effective method for the detoxification, stabilization, and resource utilization of hazardous incineration residues.<br /> (Copyright © 2026. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
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  Data: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Yaji Huang reports financial support was provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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      – SubjectFull: Vitrification
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Incineration
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